绿洲系统维持机制的非线性热力学分析  

Analysis on Maintenance Mechanism of Oasis by Nonlinear Thermodynamics

作　　者：张强[1] 胡隐樵[2] 侯平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2003年第2期174-181,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40233035和40175004);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"我国重大气候和天气灾害形成机理和预测理论的研究"(G1998040904)资助

摘　　要：参照前人的一些研究,以热力学第二定律为基础,以非线性热力学方法分析了开放热力系统的熵变过程,给出了开放热力系统发展方向的热力学判据,该判据表明开放热力系统只有在外界提供的负熵流支持下才能维持其非平衡态的定态有序结构,否则热力学系统将会演变成无序结构的平衡态。在此基础上,我们把绿洲系统近似看成一个自然界处于定态的开放热力学系统,并给出了该系统与外间之间能量流和物质流过程所引起的总体熵流的时变方程,分析了绿洲系统各种内外因素对熵流变化的贡献,初步讨论了绿洲演化的本质以及绿洲稳定维持所需要的内外因条件。同时还进行了简单的数值分析。In this paper, based on the second thermodynamics law, the process of entropy change of an open thermodynamic system is analyzed and the thermodynamic direction criterion of thermodynamic system to develop is given out. The thermodynamic direction criterion shows that a thermodynamic system may maintain its state in non\|equilibrium and organized structure only while there is negative entropy current from outer environment into the thermodynamic system, otherwise it becomes an equilibrium and unorganized state. From this, an oasis system can be closely treated as a typical open natural thermodynamic system in stationary state. The contributions of inner and outer factors of an oasis system to entropy change are analyzed after the equations of the entropy change caused by energy and matter current from its outer environment are given out. The essence of oasis evolution and the inner and outer conditions to maintain a stable oasis system are discussed. Finally, a simple numerical analysis is presented.

关 键 词：绿洲系统 非线性热力学 维持机制 无序结构 数值分析 熵流 生态环境 气候 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]