古尔班通古特沙漠腹地春季土壤水分空间分异研究  

The Spatial Distribution of the Spring Soil Moisture in the Hinter Land of Gurbantonggut Desert

作　　者：赵从举[1] 雷加强[1] 王雪芹[1] 周长海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2003年第2期154-158,共5页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础发展规划项目 (G19990 43 5 0 4课题 )

摘　　要：土壤水分条件是古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠植被发育的最主要的制约因子 ,春季土壤水分对该区植被发育更具决定作用。通过野外标定 ,利用中子水分仪对原始沙丘、工程扰动沙丘不同地貌部位土壤水分动态进行系统监测 ,结果表明 :春季土壤水分受地貌部位和人为干扰等因素影响而出现明显的空间分异 ,整体表现为垄间低地高于垄顶 ,人为扰动沙面又高于有植被覆盖的沙面。春季土壤水分的时间变化表现为初春 (3～ 4月 )土壤水分的补给期和春末夏初 (5～ 6月初 )的土壤水分损耗期。认为植被状况、降雨、地形和人为扰动等因素对土壤水分影响较大。The exploitation of resources and an increase in civil engineering projects in the hinterland of Gurbantonggut Desert in Junggar Basin has caused environmental disturbance to the fragile desert eco-system. The fixed and semi-fixed dunes will become active rapidly, regional ecological environment become deteriorated and project safety may be putted in jeopardy. According to natural conditions of Gurbantonggut Desert and engineering characters, many measures must be taken to restore and reconstruct the natural landscape, maintain the original, safe and stable desert eco-system, which is a serious problem that attracts global attention. The eolian soil moisture condition is the primary factor that affects desert plant-cover in the hinter land of Junggar Basin, especially in spring (from March to May). With neutron probe, through field calibration the soil moisture changes in different terrain parts which contain the crest, slope, and the foot of the natural and influenced dunes and the interdune corridor are measured. The recorder shows that the spatial distribution of the soil moisture in spring is closely related to terrain parts, the depth of soil, plant cover condition (cover-degree, plant species), and human activity. From March to April the soil moisture content is increasing; the rainfall, the part of terrain and human activity are the main factors which impact on the moisture content. However, from May to the first ten days of June the soil moisture content is decreasing; the rainfall and the part of terrain and plant cover condition are the main factors. In order to restore and stabilize the eco-system that has been damaged by human activity, Some measures should be taken to choose appropriate plant species and densities, and the most suitable landscape position, especially with regard to soil water availability, for the chosen species. This study has shown that understanding soil moisture patterns in natural and disturbed desert eco-systems is essential for delivering successful revegetation and rehabi

关 键 词：古尔班通古特沙漠 土壤水分条件 春季 植被 地貌 人为干扰 空间分异 降雨 地形 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]