砷、钙对蜈蚣草中金属元素吸收和转运的影响  

Effects of arsenic and calcium on metal accumulation and translocation in Pteris vittata L.

作　　者：肖细元[1] 廖晓勇[1] 陈同斌[1] 张杨珠[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复室,北京100101 [2]湖南农业大学农业资源系,长沙410128

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第8期1477-1487,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 4 0 2 3 0 2 2 );国家自然科学基金面上资助项目 ( 4 0 0 71 0 75 );国家重大基础研究前期专项资助项目 ( 2 0 0 2 CCA0 3 80 0 )~~

摘　　要：蜈蚣草是砷的超富集植物和钙质土壤的指示植物。本试验在砂培条件下 ,研究砷、钙对蜈蚣草吸收和转运必需金属元素 K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn和 Cu的影响。结果表明 ,提高营养液中的砷浓度显著降低根部 Mg和 Zn的吸收 ,但对根部其它元素的浓度没有明显影响 ;叶柄中的 Mn和地上部的 Fe浓度因介质中添加砷而显著减少 ,其它元素在地上部的分布不受抑制。添加砷限制 Fe从地下部向地上部转运 ,但促进其从叶柄向羽叶中运输 ;另外 ,还显著促进 Mn由叶柄向羽叶和 Zn由根向羽叶的转运。提高钙处理浓度对蜈蚣草吸收 Fe、Zn、Cu无显著影响 ,但显著限制 K、Mg和 Mn的吸收。 Mn是研究的 6种金属元素中惟一一种明显向地上部转运富集的元素。从根部到羽叶中 ,金属元素间的相关性增强 ,在根部 Ca与各种金属元素都无相关性 ;叶柄中 Ca和 Fe浓度呈极显著正相关 ;在羽叶中 ,Ca与 K、Mg、Mn和 Zn浓度呈显著负相关。Soil As contamination, which is dangerous to plants and human and may cause elevation of As concentrations in the surrounding waters, is a widespread and severe environmental problem both in China and in the world. Phytoremediation, which is an emerging plant-based technology for the removal of pollutants, have been successfully applied to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. Pteris vittata L., an indicator plant for calcareous soils, is an As-hyperaccumulator newly discovered by Chen et al. in China. This finding may bring a hope to phytoremediate As-contaminated soils. The accumulation and translocation of necessary metals involved have not been elucidated. We investigated the interactions of As and Ca on the concentration and distribution of metals including K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in Pteris vittata L. under sand culture condition. A 3×3 complete factorial experiment was designed which contained 9 treatments added with 3 As concentrations: 0, 0.1, 0.2 mmol/L and 3 concentrations of Ca: 0.03, 2.5, 5.0 mmol/L. It is shown that the Mg and Zn concentrations in roots were significantly reduced by enhancing the As levels whereas the concentrations of K, Mn, Fe and Cu in the roots were not influenced. There was no significant effect of the added As on the metal concentrations in shoots, and Mn concentration in petioles and Fe concentration in shoots. A decrease of Fe translocation from underground to aboveground and an increase of that from petiole to leaf were found with increasing As concentration in the medium. The applied As was benefit to transport Mn from petiole to leaf and Zn from root to leaf. The results show that the accumulations of Fe, Zn and Cu were not significantly affected by Ca levels. With increasing Ca concentration in the medium, K concentration in the roots increased gradually in the leaves. Applied 2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L Ca caused to reduce Mg and Mn concentration in the shoots comparing with the treatment of 0.03mmol Ca /L. Regardless of As and Ca levels, Mn was the only element among

关 键 词：超富集植物 蜈蚣草 砷 钙 金属元素 吸收 转运 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]