西双版纳聚果榕隐头果内小蜂群落结构及种间关系  

The community structure and the interspecific relationship of the fig wasps in syconia of Ficus racemosa L. in Xishuangbanna, China

作　　者：徐磊[1] 杨大荣[1] 彭艳琼[1] 王秋艳[1] 张光明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第8期1554-1560,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向基金资助项目 ( KSCX2 -SW-1 0 5 );国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 1 70 1 71 ;3 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 );云南省应用基础基金资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1 C0 0 65 M;2 0 0 2 C0 0 1 9Q)~~

摘　　要：聚果榕 Ficus racemosa Linn.是雌雄同株榕树 ,它是西双版纳热带雨林生态系统中的一个常见种群。聚果榕必须依靠聚果榕小蜂 Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr传粉才能获得有性繁殖 ,而聚果榕小蜂又必须依靠聚果榕隐头果内短柱花繁衍后代 ,两者间形成了种间专一的互惠共生体系。同时 ,在其隐头果内还存在一个复杂的非传粉小蜂功能群 ,它们主要是榕树种子和传粉榕小蜂的寄生者。在云南省西双版纳自治州勐腊县勐仑镇选取了 5个样地 ,对聚果榕单果内小蜂群落组成和种间相互关系进行研究。在不同时间段采集聚果榕单果 2 4 2个 ,共收集小蜂 366660头。聚果榕隐头果内有 6种小蜂 ,隶属小蜂总科 Chalcidoidae中的榕小蜂科 Agaonidae、长尾小蜂科 Caliimomidae、金小蜂科 Pteromalidae,其中榕小蜂科中的 C.fusciceps是聚果榕唯一的传粉者。金小蜂科中的 Apocryta westwoodi Grandi和 Apocryta sp.两个种是榕小蜂的寄生者 ,它们的寄生是传粉榕小蜂的种群数量减少因素之一。长尾小蜂科中 Platyneura agraensis Joseph,Platyneura mayri Rasplus和 Platyneura testacea Motschulsky 3个种是寄生榕树种子或与榕小蜂争夺食物(瘿花 )资源的小蜂类群 ,它们的出现与发生 ,致使聚果榕正在发育成种子的长柱小花形成瘿花 ,同时一?The fig is considered to be the pre-eminent group of keystone plant resources in the ecosystem of tropical rainforest. Each species of Ficus is exclusively pollinated by a unique fig-pollinating wasp to complete its sexual reproduction, and the pollinator only depends on the ovaries of short-styled florets inside host inflorescence to foster its offspring. Ficus and their species-specific pollinator wasps (Agaonidae) form a remarkable plant-insect obligate mutualism. Besides fig-pollinating wasp in conspecific syconia, there also exist several functional groups of non-pollinating wasps. They are gall makers that attack syconia from the exterior, gall makers that enter syconia as do the pollinators, and parasitoids that attack other fig wasp larva. Ficus racemosa Linn. is monoecious, which is an important plant owing to their heavy fruit production all year round to support a broad spectrum of vertebrate frugivores during times of food scarcity in the ecosystem of Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest. The study was carried out in the 5 selected sites, located in Menglun town, Mengla country, Xishuangbanna Autonomous State. Inside single syconium of F. racemosa, the composing species were collected and the interspecific relationship were analyzed. The analyzing result showed: 242 sampled figs of single syconium had been collected in different seasons and got 366660 fig wasps. All fig wasps were classified into 6 species. They belonged to Agaonidae, Caliimomidae and Pteromalidae of Chalcidoidea respectively, among which only Ceratosolen fusciceps Mary of Agaonidae pollinated for F. racemosa, Apocrypta westwoodia Grandi and Apocrypta sp. of Pteromalidae were the parasites of fig-pollinating wasps. They directly ate C. fusciceps and when the number of these two species increased, the population of fig-pollinating fig wasps would obviously decrease. The Platyneura agraensis Joseph, Platyneura mayri Rasplus and Platyneura testacea Motschulsky of Caliimomidae were the parasites of fig seeds or the parasites of pollinators.

关 键 词：聚果榕 传粉小蜂 非传粉小蜂 群落结构 相互关系 西双版纳 热带雨林生态系统 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]