穴居狼蛛生活习性之初步观察  

Initial Observation on Living Habit of Lycosa Singoriensis

作　　者：陆东林[1] 张丹凤[1] 马德英[2] 王琴 谭春莲 

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐奶业研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]米泉县长山子镇农业技术推广站,新疆米泉831400

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2003年第4期193-199,F003,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市科技局资助

摘　　要：穴居狼蛛 (Lycosasingoriensis)雌蛛平均体长 3 1 .9mm ,头胸长 1 5 .1mm ,腹长 1 7.2mm ,体重 4.2g。头胸部梨形 ,前部隆起 ,中间有黑、褐、白相间的辐射状斑 ,两侧被灰黄色毛 ,腹部椭圆形 ,背面密布黑色小斑点 ,中间有黑褐色心斑 ,并有 6对黄白色肌斑 ,胸板和腹部腹面密生黑色毛。雄蛛平均体长 2 6.8mm ,头胸长 1 4.6mm ,腹长 1 2 .9mm ,体重 2 .6g,形状与雌蛛相似 ,但体色较浅 ,腹部明显较小。新疆已知分布于 3 2个县市。生活在草原、森林、荒漠、农田、果园、山坡等地 ,筑穴而居 ,洞口圆形或椭圆形 ,平均直径 2 .65cm ,洞深 3 1 .6cm。白天多在洞中隐伏 ,傍晚或夜间在洞口附近猎食 ,用直接袭击法捕食各类昆虫。雄成蛛一般不筑洞穴 ,游猎生活 ,主动寻找洞穴中雌蛛在洞内或将其引出洞外交配。交配可分 3个阶段 ,即 :雄蛛求婚、雌雄交配、雄蛛离开 ,历时 1～ 1 .5h ,但实际交配时间仅 1 0～ 3 0min。未发现雌蛛在交配后残杀雄蛛的事例。雌蛛于 4～ 7月织卵袋产卵 ,卵袋椭圆形 ,灰白色 ,由两片组成 ,平均体积 2 0 .0×1 6.8× 1 4.3 (mm) 3 ,每袋平均含卵 466.3粒。卵自产出之日起至发育成若蛛并走出卵袋 ,平均需 2 1d。若蛛出袋后 ,先群聚于雌蛛腹背上 ,随雌蛛出外活动 ,有时下到地面吸水或采食雌蛛食?The average length of female Lycosa Singoriensis is 31.9 mm, among which the part of head and chest is 15.1 mm, and the abdomen is 17.2 mm. Its average weight is 4.2 g. The part of head and chest is shaped like a pear, the front of which bulges, with gray and yellow hair on each side and black, brown and white radiate spots in the middle. The abdomen is shaped like an ellipse with dense and small black spots on the back. There are a black and brown heart mark and six pairs yellow and white muscle attachment spots in the middle. Its chest and front abdomen is grown over with dense and black hair. The average length of male Lycosa Singoriensis is 26.8 mm, among which the part of head and chest is 14.6 mm, and abdomen is 12.9 mm. Its average weight is 2.6 g. The shape of the male is similar to that of the female, but its color is lighter and its abdomen is distinctively smaller. Lycosa Singoriensis has been found in over 32 counties or cities in Xinjiang so far. It lives in the cave in grassland, forest, desert, farmland, orchard and hillside, to name a few. The mouth of the cave is round or elliptical. Its average diameter is 2.65 cm, and its average depth is about 31.6 cm. During daytime, Lycosa Singoriensis hides itself in the cave, but hunts at dusk or night and captures all kinds of insects. In general, male adult spiders don't live in caves. Instead, they move around and hunt everywhere. They search for female spiders and mate in the cave or out of the cave. The process of mating is divided into three stages. At the first stage the male proposes marriage; at the second stage the male and female mate; then at the third stage the male leaves promptly. The whole process lasts roughly 1 to 1.5 h, but the actual time of mating is only 10 to 30 min. No female spiders have been found to kill the male spiders after mating.The female lays eggs in a netted egg bag from April to July. The egg bag which is made up of two pieces is shaped like an ellipse and gray in color. Its average volume is 20.0×16.8×14.3 (mm) 3.

关 键 词：穴居狼蛛 生活习性 形态特征 生活史 毒蛛 互残现象 

分 类 号：Q959.226[生物学—动物学]