γ射线辐照水稻成熟花粉的杂交后代突变效应分析  

Genetic Analysis of Mutant Progenies Derived From thr Rice Pollen Irradiated by γ Ray

作　　者：王侯聪[1] 邱思密[1] 陈如铭[1] 方亚顺[1] 杨觉民[1] 黄厚哲[1] 黄育民[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学生命科学学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2003年第1期33-41,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家863项目(2002AA211091)资助。

摘　　要：本研究建立了一套简便、行之有效的水稻成熟花粉辐照诱变技术的工作程序 ,解决了水稻成熟花粉保鲜的技术难关 ,提出了水稻成花粉适宜诱变剂量为 4 6Gy左右 ,确认了辐照花粉杂交后代以产生数量性状突变为主 ,第三代较第二代出现更多的突变性状 ,扩大了突变幅度 ,而且随着世代的递增 ,突变性状有累加的现象 ,大部分株系在第五代即可稳定。利用本项技术获得了一批熟期提早或推迟 15天以上 ,株高变矮或增高 10cm以上、稻谷增长 5mm ,米长增加 4 4mm ,长宽比最大达 4 5 ,千粒重较起始种增减 10 2 3g等特殊性状的一批新种质。本研究初步认为水稻成熟花粉辐照诱变主要是诱发DNA位点的突变 ,同时存在隐性突变 ,在水稻及其它作物育种中具有应用前景。The rice sexual hybridization procedures using rice mature pollen irradiated by γ ray has been established, techniques for reserving rice mature pollen more than two hours has also been developed. The best dose for irradiating rice mature pollen is about 46Gy, which will generate lots of mutants. There are more mutant traits of third mutant progenies than that of second, furthermore the additive effects of mutant traits has been observed with the increase of generation, most of mutant lines could be stable in fifth generations. Definitely the mutant loci generated byγray irradiation do belong to quantitative trait locus mutagenesis, dominant and recessive genetic locus mutations will take place, resulting in the variations of traits in the mutants especially of panicles. Using the techniques of mutation breeding by irradiation on rice mature pollen, plenty of mutants has been obtained, which has superior traits of good quality, high yield, and better resistance, especially the traits of grain appearance, such as long grain,big grain and long panicle, have been gotten. Also new cultivar of early indica rice, named Jiahezaozhan, with good quality and high yield has been developed and approved, and another variety called Jiafuzhan with the traits of good quality, high resistances, high yield and high 1000 grain weight has been released recently. The results of this research have been showed that the techniques was one of the best choice to enrich the rice genetic germplasm bank, it is also the suitable solutions for generating the mutants to do functional hene identification.

关 键 词：水稻 成熟花粉 Γ射线 辐照诱变 杂交后代 突变效应 诱变育种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]