同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的胚胎学观察  

Embryological Observation of Distant Hybridization between Autotetraploid Rice (O.sativa) and O.glaberrima

作　　者：黄群策[1] 梁芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学生命科学系,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2003年第5期53-55,共3页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 1BA3 0 2B) ;湖南省教育厅科学基金项目 ( 0 1C2 70 )

摘　　要：以同源四倍体水稻 (Oryzasativa ,2n =4x=48)和二倍体水稻 (Oryzasativa ,2n =2x =2 4)为母本 ,以非洲栽培稻 (Oryzaglarri,2n=2x =2 4)为父本进行远缘杂交配组 ,对其杂交结实的胚胎学机理进行了研究。结果表明 ,非洲栽培稻的花粉粒能在二倍体水稻的柱头上萌发 ,但萌发频率仅为 0 .18%～ 0 .5 6% ,花粉管在花柱内的伸长速度比较慢 ,发生受精的频率比较低 ,因而二倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的结实率比较低。然而 ,非洲栽培稻的花粉粒在同源四倍体水稻的柱头上萌发频率高达 12 .81%～ 14 .65 % ,花粉管在花柱内的伸长速度比较快 ,发生受精的频率比较高 ,因而同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的结实率比较高。在同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻的杂交中发现 ,其受精作用比较特殊 ,其中包括精细胞与卵细胞的单受精作用 ,精细胞与次生极核的单受精作用和正常的双受精作用 ,总受精率和总成胚率分别为 7.49%～ 9.2 8%和 6.61%～ 8.64 %。The distant hybridization was made, using 2 autotetraploid rices and 2 diploid rices (O.sativa) as the female, and the African rice cultivar (O.glaberrima) as the male, to study the seed setting embryological mechanism. The results showed that the active pollens from O.glaberrima could germinate on the stigmas of diploid rice after pollination, but the germinated rate of pollens was as low as 0.18%～0.56%, and the pollen tubes stretched slowly in the style, resulting in a lower fertilized frequency, which explains the reason of the lower seed set in the distant hybridization of diploid rice with O. glaberrima. However, the active pollens from O.glaberrima could germinate better on the stigmas of autotetraploid rice after pollination with a higher germinated rate of 12.81%～14.65%. The pollen tubes stretched fast in the style, resulting in a higher fertilized frequency, which explains the reason of the higher seed set in the distant hybridization of autotetraploid rice with O. glaberrima. The specific fertilization phenomena, including the single fertilization of a sperm with an egg, the single fertilization of a sperm with a secondary polar nucleus and the normal double fertilization were found in the distant hybridization of autotetraploid rice with O. glaberrima. The total fertilization rate and embryo percentage in the crosses of autotetraploid rice used as the female were 7.49%～9.28% and 6.61 %～8.64%, respectively.

关 键 词：亚洲栽培稻 非洲栽培稻 同源四倍体水稻 远缘杂交 胚胎学证据 

分 类 号：Q321.3[生物学—遗传学] S511.035[农业科学—作物学]