金属拟酶抗逆剂的设计与合成  

Design and synthesis of anti-stress reagents mimicking metalloenzymes

作　　者：廖展如[1] 陈战芬[1] 孟祥高[1] 梅伏生[1] 汪明[1] 李睿[1] 李文新[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学化学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第3期336-342,共7页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(29771012;29972014);科技部重大基础研究前期项目(2002CCA00500).

摘　　要：磷酸酯酶(phosphatases)如紫色酸性磷酸酯酶(purpleacidphosphatase,PAP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(alkalinephosphatase,AP)和各种磷脂酶(phospholipases,PL),氧合酶和氧化酶(oxygenasesandoxidases)如脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidases),及抗氧化酶,如:超氧化歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)等是植物防卫系统涉及的重要金属酶(metalloenzymes)和金属激活酶.根据金属酶活性部位结构设计、创制的拟酶化合物含植物必需的微量元素和富咪唑氮的配体,具有抗逆境胁迫(如干旱、寒冷、水渍、盐渍、高温等)和抗病原微生物(如真菌、细菌、病毒等)侵染,及抗早衰能力,提高作物产量5.1%～49.41%.这种仿生配合物性质稳定,抗性广谱,防、治作用兼备;安全、低毒(半数致死量LD50≥600～5000mg/kg);分子量小,膜透性好;高效(使用浓度4～20mg·L-1,用量小,每公顷全生长期仅用3～15g);因系化学仿生化合物,可进行规模化生产.最近,首次证明一种含铜模型化合物[Cu(EDTB)](NO3)2·EtOH和水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病病原体诱导产生的植物抗毒素(Phytoalexin,PA)一样,诱导磷脂水解产生不饱和脂肪酸及其氧化次级产物,这或许是含铜模型化合物能抗病的原因.植物免疫反应涉?Plants continuously have to defend themselves against abio and biostress,such as water stress,temperature stress,mchanical damage and pathogen or pest attack.Nowadays,more and more similarities between the defense mechanism of plants and that of animals are being discovered.In both cases,a diverse series of phosphatases,such as purple acid phosphatase(PAP),alkaline phosphatase(AP) and various phospholipases(PL) as well as multiple forms of oxygenases and polyphenol oxidases,including soybean lipoxygenase(SLO), tyrosinases,catechol oxidases and laccase,antioxidative enzymes of superoxide dismutases(SOD), catalases(CAT),peroxidases(POD) etc. are pivotal metalloenzymes and metalactivated enzymes of plant defense systems.These enzymes are involved in a broad range of functions in cellular regulation,lipid metabolism and signal transduction involved in wound healing and defense responses.Base on the structure of enzymatic active sites,we have designed and synthesized many model compounds containing plantessential microelements, copper(II,I),iron(III,II),manganese(III,II),zinc(II)with imidazolylrich ligands.These mimetic compounds have been found to be simultaneously able to scavenge O-2 and H2O2 at the lower concentrations (ca.≤10-5 mol·L-1),so that they not only regulate many cellular functions,but also can protect from pathogens(bacteria,fungi and virus)and pest attack at the higher concentrations (ca.≥10-4 mol·L-1 )and in the presence of H2O2,because of the generation of highly active hydroxyl radicals(·OH ) resulting of lipid oxidation and peroxidations,which are involved in the signaling messenges and a wide range of secondary responses.Therefore,these synthetic enzymes can increase resistances against environmental stresses(especially drought) and earlier failure of cultivating growths,so that output of crop production may be raised 5.0%～49.41%.In recent years,we have firstly found that three copper(II) compounds have antimicrobi

关 键 词：磷酸酯酶 脂氧合酶 多酚氧化酶 模型化合物 抗胁迫 

分 类 号：O614.1[理学—无机化学]