线索有效性对儿童返回抑制的影响  

Effects of Cue Validity on Children's Inhibition of Return

作　　者：王彦[1] 苏彦捷[1] 王甦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理科学》2003年第5期778-783,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地 (北京师范大学发展心理学研究所 )基金资助 (批准文号 :0 1JAZJDXLX0 0 2 )

摘　　要：采用通常的线索 -靶子实验 ,来考察不同的线索有效性对儿童返回抑制的影响。所用的外源性线索分高有效性、低有效性和非信息性三类。儿童被试在实验中的任务为觉察圆形光点后即按键反应 ,记录反应时。结果表明 ,7岁、9岁和 11岁儿童在高有效性和非信息性线索条件下均出现返回抑制 ;但 7岁和 9岁儿童在低有效性线索条件未出现返回抑制 ,而 11岁儿童则出现。这些儿童的实验结果有别于成人。结果提示 ,7岁、9岁和 11岁儿童的返回抑制是在外源性线索的作用下自动出现的 ,具有反射性质 ;但 7岁和 9岁儿童的返回抑制仍受线索有效性的制约 ,而 11岁儿童返回抑制的发展已不受线索有效性的影响。The present study examined the effects of cue validity on the inhibiti on of return ( IOR) in 7, 9 and 11 years old children with a cue target paradigm. Three types o f exogenous cues were manipulated in the study: high validity, low validity an d uninformative cues. The experimental task for children was to detect a solid cir cle and made a speedy response by pressing a key as soon as possible. The respo nse time was recorded. While all the three age groups demonstrated IOR effects u nd er high validity and uninformative conditions, only 7 and 9 years old children e xhibited IOR effects under low validity conditions. This result is inconsisten t w ith previous studies on adults. The results suggest that IOR in children is an a utomatic outcome of exogenous cues and has some reflexive characteristics. Al though 7 and 9 years old children still accept the influence of cue validity on IOR, 11 years old children can successfully develop the ability to resist it, w hich indicates the development of IOR with age.

关 键 词：儿童心理学 返回抑制 选择性注意 线索有效性 外源性线索 发展 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]