不同海拔高度下生长牦牛绝食代谢的研究  

STUDY ON THE FASTING METABOLISM OF GROWING YAKS AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDE

作　　者：胡令浩[1] 谢敖云[1] 韩兴泰 刘书杰[1] 毕西潮 

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》1992年第2期1-5,共5页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

摘　　要：用闭路循环式呼吸面具,分别在海拔高度2261m和4272m处的暖季对绝食5—7天的生长阉牦牛绝食产热(FHP)进行测定,并在海拔高度3250m处的冬、暖两季,测定不同气温下试牛的FHP。用Brouwer(1965)的简化式计算产热量。结果表明:①在海拔2261m和4272m处,1、2、3岁牦牛的FHP(kJ/kgw^(0.75)·日)分别为351.544±25.744,305.344±20.920,298.583±17.910,和376.225±23.518,324.787±46.208,281.144±24.410。二者差异不显著(P>0.05),其方程为FHP(kJ/日)=920w^(0.52),n=25,r=0.8469。②环境气温显著影响FHP。当气温为8—15℃时,FHP相对恒定P>0.1);高于15℃时,每升高1℃,FHP(kJ/kgw^(0.52)·日)增加10.5(P<0.05);低于8℃时,每下降1℃,FHP减少14.6(P<0.05);低于-20℃时,每下降1℃,FHP增加18.4(P<0.05)。试验指出:①牦牛较低的FHP及它在不同海拔高度FHP的恒定性,是其适应青藏高原缺氧环境及冬春缺草环境的特点;它奇特的自我保护功能是适应严寒环境的特点,这些特点是长期自然选择的结果。②在高海拔地区世代生活的家畜,其代谢值低,而且在其适应的海拔高度范围内相对恒定;未获得遗传性适应的家畜,其代谢值随海拔高度的升高而升高。③生长牦牛代谢体重为w^(0.52)。The fasting heat production(FHP)of growing castrated yaks which had been fasted for 5-7 days was determined with closed-circuit respiratory mask in summer at the elevation of 2261 and 4272 metres above sea level respectively,data was also measured at altitude 3250 metres in the different environmental temperatures(ET). The heat production was calculated by the current formula of Brouwer(1965). The results show that:1)At the altitude 2261 and 4272 metres,the daily FHP(kJ/kgw^(0.75))of 1,2 and 3 year-old yaks are separately 351.544±25.744,305.344±20.920,298.583±17.910 and 376.225±23.518,324.787±46.208,281.144±24.410. There is no significant difference in FHP between altitudes(P>0.05) and the following formula was found: FHP(kJ/day)=920w^(0.52),n=25,r=0.8469.2)The ET has a great effect on FHP. When the ET is between 8℃ and 15℃,the FHP is relatively constant(P>0.1). Over 15℃, whenever the ET ascends 1℃ FHP(kJ/kgw^(0.52)·℃) increases 10.5(P<0.05). Below 8℃,whenever the ET descends 1℃,it decreases 14.6(P<0.05). Below minus 20℃,whenever the ET ascends 1℃,it increases 18.4(P<0.05). The analysis pointed out that: 1)The lower FHP of the yak and its stability at different altitudes are an adaptive characteristics of the yak to the anoxic environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and to the lacking of forage in winter and spring. The peculiar self-protection function of the yak in cold condition is an adaptive feature to the severe cold environment. These features are a result of longterm nature selection. 2) The metablolic rate of those livestock which live in a certain range of high altitude from generation to generation is low and stable, while that of others which have no adaptability to high altitude increases with the heightening of altitude. 3)The metabolic weight of growing yaks is w^(0.52)。

关 键 词：牛 海拔高度 牦牛 绝食代谢 

分 类 号：S823.1[农业科学—畜牧学]