中国煤矿区主要生态环境问题及生态重建技术  

Major ecological and environmental problems and the ecological reconstruction technologies of the coal mining areas in China

作　　者：范英宏[1] 陆兆华[1] 程建龙[1] 周忠轩[2] 吴钢[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)恢复生态学研究所,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第10期2144-2152,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 70 2 730 50 )~~

摘　　要：煤炭是我国最主要的一次性能源 ,而且这种能源结构在相当长的时间内不会改变。煤炭资源的开发对我国经济建设和社会发展起到了重要的支撑作用 ,但是煤炭的开采和利用引发了一系列的生态环境问题 ,矿区已成为典型的、严重受损生态系统。矿区生态环境问题 ,已经成为制约矿区可持续发展乃至区域生态安全的重大隐患。矿区生态环境综合治理已迫在眉睫。综述了我国煤矿区主要的生态环境问题以及具体的治理方法和技术措施 ,包括矿井水和煤矸石的资源化、污染土地的修复。Coal is the most important one-off energy and plays an important role in China' s economic construction and social development. But the coal development resulte d in a lot of ecological and environmental problems, including land and vegetati on destruction, water and air pollution, heavy metal pollution, desertification and so on. These problems are hidden troubles that prevent the national economic development and affect the existence of the human. Thus the comprehensive treat ment of the problems is an urgent issue in China. At present much progress has been made on the treatment of the problems describe d above. The treatment technologies of the coal mine water are determined by it' s characters and utilization after treatment. The desalination is the key treatm ent process for the highly-mineralized mine water, which includes chemical meth od, thermodynamic method, membrane separation method including electrodialysis a nd reverse osmosis, etc. The electrodialysis is the more credible technology, an d has been used in many mining areas. The acidic mine water treatment technology is comprised of neutralization, biochemical method, ecological engineering meth od, reverse osmosis, etc. The coal gangue recycling technology includes making b rick, making cement, extracting aluminumoxide, making aluminum chloride and so o n. Making silicate cement is the most successful technology. The clean coal, desulfurization, central heating, fire-extinguishing methods are major t reatment technologies for the air pollution in coal mining areas. And now the re cycling of the CH 4 has been implemented in some mining areas. The land restora ti on can be divided into agricultural restoration, forestry restoration, water res ource restoration, natural protection restoration, industry restoration and so o n. The soil improvement is very important to the land restoration, which compris ed of covering soil, physical and chemical treatment, adding nutrient materials (including organic fertilizer), removing hazardous materials,

关 键 词：煤矿区 生态环境 生态重建 生态系统 资源化 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]