矿产资源开发和生态环境问题  

EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS

作　　者：楚泽涵[1] 李艳华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石油大学,北京102200

出　　处：《古地理学报》2003年第4期508-516,共9页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

基　　金：香山科学会议第197次学术讨论会"多信息的古地理重建"的中心议题

摘　　要：矿产资源的开发利用在世界经济发展中占重要位置。20世纪人类物质文明的进步在很大程度上依靠自然资源,尤其是矿产资源的开发利用。目前矿产品生产总值约占全世界国民经济生产总值的10％,矿产品及矿产品加工制品的贸易约占世界贸易额的30％。我国是矿产资源、能源生产及矿产品生产大国。矿产品及其加工制品生产总值占国内生产总值的27％。在世界范围内,自然资源尤其是矿产资源的开发利用带来环境污染和生态环境恶化,如空气和水体污染、森林资源减少和土地荒漠化。在中国,自然资源开发带来的生态环境问题更为突出。这些都说明人类活动对生态环境的影响日益明显。在21世纪,地球科学应该更多地关注保护生态环境问题。政府对社会经济发展所作出的一系列决策(或口号)是人类活动影响生态环境变化的重要方面,因此政府在确定国家社会经济发展的政策时,应该注意内容的科学性和程序的民主化,应该更加关注经济和社会的可持续发展问题。Exploitation of mineral resources plays an important role in worldwide economic development. The progress of material civilization in the 20th century mainly relied on the exploitation of natural resources, especially mineral resources. At present, the gross product of mineral products takes about 10% of Gross National Product of the whole world, and trade of mineral products nearly takes 30% of that of the whole world. China holds high positions at yield of mineral resources, energy production and mineral products production. The gross product of mineral and mineral products takes 27% of GNP of China. In the world, the exploitation of natural resources, especially mineral resources, leads to contaminated ecology and deteriorated environment: polluted air and water, decreased forest resource and deserted land. In China, these problems are getting more serious. Effects of human being activities on ecology are getting more and more obviously. In the 21st century, earth sciences should pay more attention to ecological protection. The important effect of human being activities on ecology can be reflected by the policy (or slogan) of government to develop society economy. So when such policies are devised for the whole national economy, their scientific reasonableness in content and democracy in procedure should be considered. More attention should be paid to the issues of sustaining development of economy and society.

关 键 词：矿产资源 资源开发 生态环境 地球科学 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]