干旱和半干旱地区灌木下土壤“肥岛”研究进展  

A research review on "fertile islands"of soils under shrub canopy in arid and semi-arid regions

作　　者：陈广生[1] 曾德慧[1] 陈伏生[1] 范志平[1] 耿海东[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 [2]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站,沈阳110034

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第12期2295-2300,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (2 0 0 2CB1115 0 6);中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX3 SW 418);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程重大资助项目 (SCXZD0 10 2 )

摘　　要：世界许多干旱、半干旱地区草地生态系统逐渐被灌木生态系统取代 ,这种取代过程的发展是由灌木冠幅下土壤中“肥岛”的形成和灌木的扩散相互作用直接造成的 .这种“肥岛”的形成和灌木的扩散之间的反馈作用能够改变该系统中的植被组成、结构和土壤养分分布格局 ,从而改变该生态系统的结构和功能 .文中从“肥岛”的概念和形成机制出发 ,对“肥岛”现象形成的原因、“肥岛”现象的研究意义、研究方法、灌木扩散与“肥岛”之间的相互关系及生物对“肥岛”的响应进行了总结 ,并分析了“肥岛”研究中应注意的问题 ,希望为中国干旱、半干旱区域土地退化的成因和过程以及植被恢复的研究提供一些参考 .Due to the inclemency of climate and soil conditions and the intense disturbance of human beings,the soil resources heterogeneity in arid and semi arid grassland ecosystems worldwide was gradually increased during the last century. The interaction between soil heterogeneity and shrubs induced the autogenic development of 'fertile islands' and the increasing spread of shrubs in the grassland ecosystems. The development of 'fertile islands' around individual shrubs could change the vegetation composition and structure,as well as the distribution patterns of soil resources,and thus,reinforced the changes of the ecosystem function and structure from a relative stable grassland ecosystem to a quasi stable shrubland ecosystem. The study of 'fertile islands' phenomenon would help us to understand the causes,consequences and processes of desertification in arid and semi arid areas. In this paper,the causes of 'fertile islands',its study methods and significance and its relationship with shrub spreading as well as the responses of vegetation to it were summarized. The problems which might occur in the study of this phenomenon were also pointed out. Our aim was to offer some references to the study of land desertification processes and vegetation restoration in the arid and semi arid regions.

关 键 词：灌木 “肥岛” 土壤资源 空间异质性 土地荒漠化 干旱、半干旱区 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]