集雨微灌对春小麦产量灌浆和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of rainwater harvesting for micro-irrigation on yield filling and water use efficiency of spring wheat

作　　者：张志山[1] 李新荣[1] 蔺海明[2] 谢忠奎[1] 魏兴琥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第6期85-89,共5页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划资助项目 ( 90 2 0 2 0 1 5 )

摘　　要：为探讨集雨微灌对春小麦产量、灌浆及水分利用效率的影响 ,于 2 0 0 1年在黄土高原西北部进行了灌水方式 (管灌、滴灌和微喷灌 3个水平 )和灌水量 ( 0 ,2 2 .5 ,45 .0 ,67.5 mm 4个水平 )二因素试验 ,分别在拔节期、孕穗期和开花前期灌水 ,结果表明 :尽管灌水方式间的差异不显著 ,但从产量表现来看 ,其大小顺序依次是微喷灌、滴灌、管灌和对照 ;灌水量和互作间的差异达极显著水平 ;灌水有增加穗数 ,降低穗粒数和千粒重的趋势 ;随灌水量的增加 ,千粒重对产量的贡献减小 ,而穗数对产量的贡献增加 ,穗粒数对产量的贡献表现在这一过程中 .补灌能增加小麦的最大灌浆速率 .作物田间耗水量和水分利用效率随补灌量的增加而增加 ;以微喷灌 67.5 mm的水分利用效率最高 ;供水效率以微喷灌 45 .0 ,67.5To investigate into the effect of rainwater harvesting for micro-irrigation on yield,filling and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring wheat in Northwest Loess Plateau,an experiment was carried out and the methods of irrigation (pipe-irrigation,drip-irrigation and micro-sprinkle-irrigation) and irrigation quantities (0,22.5,45.0,67.5 mm) were selected as trial factors.The plots were irrigated at jointing stage,booting stage and blooming stage.The experimental results showed that the yields of CK,pipe-irrigation,drip-irrigation and micro-sprinkle-irrigation arranged in sequence though their differenced were of no significance,while the yield's differences among irrigation quantities and among interactions were very significant.With irrigation quantity being increased,the yields rose and the highest yield appeared in the treats irrigated 67.5 mm by micro-sprinkle irrigation.Irrigation could increase the ear number per hectare,decrease grain number per ear and 1 000 grain weight.Supplementary irrigation could promote the maximum filling rate in the process of grain filling.The WUE of treats irrigated were higher than that of CK,the WUE and water supply efficiency (WSE) of micro-sprinkle-irrigation were highest among the three methods of irrigation,the WUE of the treats irrigated 67.5mm were highest among the four level irrigation quantities and the WSE of the treats irrigated both 45.0 mm and 67.5 mm were highest among the four level irrigation quantities.

关 键 词：集雨微灌 春小麦 产量 灌浆 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S247.1[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]