欧亚大陆草原早期游牧文化的几点思考  

SOME IDEAS ON THE EARLY NOMADIC CULTURE IN THE EURASIAN STEPPE

作　　者：乌恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《考古学报》2002年第4期437-470,共34页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：欧亚大陆草原地带通常是指多瑙河至长城地带的广阔地区,这里自古以来是游牧和半游牧人的活动地域,他们遗留下独具特色的文化遗物,尤其以风格相近的兵器、马具和所谓'野兽纹'艺术(俗称'斯基泰三要素'或'斯基泰三合一')著称于世。正因为如此,欧亚大陆草原早期游牧文化曾引起国内外学者的广泛关注,不仅有很多重要的考古发现。Throughout ancient times, the Eurasian Steppe was the stage of nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes' activities. These ethnic groups left over rich cultural remains, particularly weapons and horse-fittings similar in genre, as well as works of the so-called 'animal style' art, all of which became well known in the world. The Great Wall zone of China lay at the eastern end of the Eurasian Steppe and adjoined the region of advanced agricultural civilization in the Yellow River valley. This favorable geographical location determined its important role in the early nomadic culture of Eurasia. Archaeological discoveries show that number of distinctive Bronze Age to early Iron Age cultures were distributed along the Great Wall, and that their cultural contents were characterized not only by strong local features, but also by close relationship with early nomadic cultures outside this zone. Consequently it can be concluded that there were both mutual absorption and independent creation, and that there was no monogenic origination from one common center, nor unilateral influence from the so called 'Scythian-Siberian culture.' The establishment of the sequence of early nomadic cultures has furnished a valuable model for studying the whole early nomadic culture in the Eurasian Steppe and the formation and development of nomadic economy.

关 键 词：欧亚大陆草原 游牧文化 中国 北方 青铜器时期文化 地位 夏家店上层文化 早期映器时代文化 境外考古学文化 野兽纹 起源 传播 游牧业形式 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] G112[历史地理—历史学]