从母亲到国民教师——清末民族国家建设与公立女子师范教育  

From the Motherhood to the Teacher of Nation: State-building and Normal Schools for women during the Waning Years of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：丛小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]美国得克萨斯州休斯顿大学

出　　处：《清史研究》2003年第1期87-97,共11页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：本文考察晚清女子学堂的发展过程 ,认为在民族主义思潮的鼓动下 ,原属于家庭范围的传统女学向近代女子教育转变。地方改革派士绅及官员积极参与建立女子学校 ,在激进与保守的双重压力下清政府将多种形式的、分散的近代女子教育融入民族国家建设中。国家为培养新国民 ,而借用传统观念 ,强化女子在儿童早期教育和学前教育中的作用 ,建立了官立女子师范学校。作为最高的国家教育机构 ,女子师范不仅提供了女子受高等教育的机会 ,而且将女子在社会上的工作合法化。This article traces the early development of women's schools during the waning years of the Qing dynasty It documents and analyzes the competing pressures and goals that eventually led to the establishment of public schools for girls and the ideological changes that made this radical change not only acceptable but desirable The establishment of normal schools for girls and women in China was the unintended result of state efforts to penetrate and control early childhood education, which had traditionally been a family affair Ultimately, it was the Qing state's concern about controlling the training of teachers that led it to accept and then intervene in the development of female education and especially normal schools for women This remarkable change opened the doors of public education to women and provided women with a legitimate role in the public domain as professional teachers, developments that forever altered the position of women in Chinese society

关 键 词：晚清 女子教育 民族主义 国民教师 明清女学 传教士 留学 近代转型 女子师范教育 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学] G529[历史地理—中国史]