同位素示踪技术在环境科学中的应用  

THE APPLICATION OF ISOTOPIC TRACER TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

作　　者：吴增新[1] 章文英[1] 郑汝宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究所,100037

出　　处：《同位素》1992年第2期119-124,共6页Journal of Isotopes

摘　　要：由于同位素示踪技术具有独特的优点,因此广泛地应用于环境科学技术领域。将放射性同位素合成于被研究的物质分子中作为标记示踪剂。将示踪剂加入所研究的体系中,它将随同类物质一起运动或变化(如污染物在生物链中的迁移)。利用同位素示踪剂的辐射性能,可用放射性探测器定量测定,从而显示出它们的位置及含量而被追踪。放射性示踪技术具有灵敏度(10^(12)—10^(-9)g)高;不破坏样品,甚至使生物体在正常生理条件下,研究物质在生物体内的变化规律;以及测定简便、快速、有的可就地测量等优点。The paper introduces our achievements in the application of radioisotopic tracer techniques to: (1) the study on the migration of calcium in soil with ^(45)Ca, (2) studies of adsoption, migration and persistence of toluene and ethylene dichloride in soil using ^(14)C labelled compound, (3) study on the biodegradation pathway of Terephthalic Acid in anaerobic reactor using double-labelling method, (4) the uptake, transmission and release of ^(18)F in Tilapin fish, (5) the determination of the filtration velocity, flow direction and dispersion coefficient in the groundwater with ^(131)I, in order to predict the pollution of groundwater, and (6) the measurement of flow distribution in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor using ^(131)I.

关 键 词：示踪剂 环境科学 同位素 钙45 碳14 

分 类 号：X1－39[环境科学与工程—环境科学]