国家工业化与高等教育结构调整——政策变迁的制度逻辑  

National Industrialization and Structural Adjustment of Higher Education—— Based on Institutionalism Logic of Policy Change

作　　者：姚荣[1] 李战国[2,1] 崔鹤 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院 [2]中国计量学院发展规划处

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2015年第8期3-12,共10页Education Research Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"面向创新驱动发展战略的高校人才培养模式改革研究"(项目编号:71373274);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"美国高校学科结构与产业结构相关性的实证研究"(编号:11YJC880061)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：中国作为后发外生型发展中国家,国家工业化与高等教育结构调整之间存在阶段性关联。中国高等教育结构也先后经历了1952年院系调整、20世纪90年代高等教育大众化以及21世纪现代大学体系建设三次重大历史性变革。影响我国高等教育结构调整政策变迁的深层结构包括计划经济体制、集权管理模式与社会本位的文化模式。国家工业化驱动下的高等教育结构调整呈现出较强的路径依赖特征,表现出强劲的"政经关联逻辑"。"国家的视角"促使我国高等教育结构调整往往在短期内适应经济社会发展的需求,却不可避免的产生一系列"意外后果",甚至滋生高等教育的系统性风险,亟待通过高等教育管理体制改革,教育领域综合改革以及公立高校法人治理结构完善等,重构中国高等教育政策变迁的制度逻辑,建构学科逻辑与应用逻辑相对平衡与包容发展的高等教育系统,促进国家工业化与高等教育结构的松散耦合。As a late and extrinsic developing country, there is an interim connection between national industrialization and structural adjustment of higher education. Structural adjustment of Chinese higher education has experienced three major historic changes: Adjusting disciplines in PRC in 1952, popularization of higher education in the 1990 s and modern university education construction in 21 st century, which have been influenced by planned economic system, centralized management mode, and social standard culture pattern. The structural adjustment of higher education driven by national industrialization has an obvious pattern of path dependence, which is also known as 'strong correlation between politics and economy'. 'Seems like a state' has made structural adjustment of higher education to meet the demand of economic and social development in the short term, but in the long term, it will caused a series of unintended consequences, and increase the systematic risk of higher education. A reform of educational management system is badly in need. The institutionalism logic of structural adjustment of higher education and its policy changes by comprehensive reform and the perfection of corporate governance structure in education field can be rebuilt. It is required to construct a higher education system, which can balance discipline logic and applied logic, and it will promote the loosely coupled relationship between national industrialization and structural adjustment of higher education.

关 键 词：结构调整 学科逻辑 应用逻辑 政策变迁 制度逻辑 

分 类 号：G649.20[文化科学—高等教育学]