洞庭湖湿地资源退化的生态经济损益评估  

Wetland Resources Degeneration Eco-economical Benefit and Loss Evaluation in Dongting Lake

作　　者：庄大昌[1] 丁登山[1] 董明辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与资源学系,江苏南京210093 [2]常德师范学院经济与资源学系,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《地理科学》2003年第6期680-685,共6页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(00BJY034);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(00JJY2040)。

摘　　要：洞庭湖湿地是中国最大的淡水湿地生态系统之一,湿地资源十分丰富,但由于人类不合理的开发利用,导致湿地生态系统严重退化,湿地生态服务功能价值受损,制约了湖区经济的可持续发展。在实地调查和试验的基础上,依据生态经济学的理论和方法,对洞庭湖湿地因资源退化引起的一系列自然灾害和生态灾害所造成的湿地生态功能损失进行了价值损益评估,由此得出湿地资源退化对湖区经济可持续发展所造成的损失;并指出只有恢复洞庭湖区湿地生态环境,保护好洞庭湖区湿地资源,才能实现洞庭湖区湿地资源的可持续利用,保证湖区经济的可持续发展。Wetland is featured by its unique ecological function and economical value. It is amongst the Earth′s most productive ecosystem which has such a huge economical and socio-ecological benefits as food supply, raw and processed materials, water resources, flood control and drought defying, biodiversity protection and tourism etc. The Dongting Lake wetland is one of the largest lacustrine wetland ecosystem in China. There are a lot of wetland resources in Dongting Lake area. It includes 1428 species of plants resources, 216 species of birds resources, 119 species of fish resources, 27 species of amphibians and retile, 22 species of mammals and a great many of other wild living things. But the human′s unreasonable exploitation and utilization for a long times lead to the wetland′s ecosystem degeneration and ecological value fall victim and to restrict the economic sustainable development in Dongting Lake area. Based on the wetland resources′ character, the paper makes use of the eco-economics theory and method in the base of the investigation and the experiment to evaluate the benefit and loss value of the wetland ecological function degeneration as a series of the natural and ecological calamity are leaded by the wetland eco-environment and the resources degeneration. The loss of the direct values in use and the loss of the indirect values in use in Dongting Lake wetland resources are evaluated in the use of the method of tax rate of Sweden. Researching value, travel consumption method, Robert Constanza method, market value method, assets value method. The conclusion can be drawn that the total loss value measure of the wetland resources degeneration is 300.71×10~8 yuan(RMB) in Dongting Lake wetland. The loss of the assets value has affected economical sustainable development as the wetland resources degeneration in Dongting Lake area. The guarantee to realize the economical sustainable development and to the wetland resources sustainable utilization is to renew the wetland eco-environment and to protect the

关 键 词：洞庭湖 湿地 资源退化 损益评估 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]