钧瓷釉与乳光、窑变及结构色  

Jun Ware Glaze with Opalescence, Fambe, Structural Colors and Chemical Colors

作　　者：王芬[1] 杨长安[1] 苗建民[2] 侯佳钰[2] 林营[1] 朱建锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710021 [2]古陶瓷保护研究国家文物局重点科研基地,故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》2015年第5期1-8 13,13,共9页China Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金(51232008);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51472153);国家文物局文物保护科学和技术研究重点课题(20120218)

摘　　要：对于蓝青系列钧瓷釉的呈色机理,中外研究者有多种解释,但莫衷一是的是,其究竟是结构呈色-抑或"乳光蓝色"还是化学着色。本文从结构色、乳光的内涵、钧瓷釉中可能存在的结构色类型分析,结合解析钧釉中存在的化学元素着色方式以及基础实验的经验,探讨了钧瓷釉与乳光、窑变及结构色的关系,从而得出,钧瓷蓝青系列色釉的着色机理,是特殊工艺条件下化学色与结构色的复合着色。多种变价着色元素的存在以及古瓷窑炉温差大、气氛稳定性差的结构特点和釉料组成中元素种类丰富等特点,是其极易色变出现"窑变"现象的本质;"乳光"也只是偶然现象,并非钧釉真正意义上的着色机理。There are many viewpoints about the coloring mechanism of Jun ware glaze, such as structural color, opalescence and chemical color. Up to now, the coloring mechanism of Jun ware glazes is still a controversial issue. On the basis of the nature of structural color and opalescence, the types of chemical color and experiments, the relationship of Jun glaze with opalescence, fambe and structural color was investigated in detail. It can be concluded that the coloring mechanism of various shades of blue Jun glaze is the composite one of chemical color and structural color under a special process condition. It is many kinds of multivalent coloring elements, great temperature difference and weak atmosphere stability in ancient kilns and many species of raw materials that make Jun glazes easy to be fambe. Opalescence is not the real coloring mechanism but a coincidence in Jun glaze.

关 键 词：钧瓷釉 乳光 窑变 结构色 化学色 

分 类 号：TQ174.43[化学工程—陶瓷工业]