巴赫金的对话理论和阐释的公共性  

Bakhtin's Theory of Dialogue and the Publicity of Interpretation

作　　者：文浩[1] WEN Hao(College of Liberal Arts,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2019年第1期28-34,共7页Research of Chinese Literature

摘　　要：巴赫金的对话理论中作为阐释对象的话语或者文本具有三层内在对话性。话语的第二层内在对话和第三层内在对话属于作者与未来理解者的对话"预演",指向实际的话语阐释活动。话语的两层内在对话关系和受话人(统觉背景)、超受话人这样的角色都是话语不可或缺的"建构要素",形成话语的"应答结构"。这一结构召唤实际阐释中积极的应答性理解,推动阐释活动由个体性转向公共性。具体来说:受话人和超受话人的复数性预设将会召唤复数性的阐释;第二层内在对话中受话人统觉背景的公共性预设将会召唤公度性和共享性的阐释;第三层内在对话中的超受话人预设将会召唤公正性和真理性的阐释。在实际阐释对话中激活内在对话性的"应答结构"还会推动阐释公共性的"确当无疑"极和"丰富多元"极之间动态平衡。巴赫金对话理论对于当代阐释理论的启示在于:话语(文本)的内在对话催生阐释的外在对话,以确保阐释公共性不会转化为绝对独白和强制统一的话语模式。The discourse or text as the object of interpretation in the Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue has three levels of inherent dialogicality. The second inherent dialogue and the third one belong to the preview of dialogue between the author and the futuristic interpreter,pointing to actual interpretation activities of discourse. Both two dialogistic inner-relations on discourse and the roles such as addressee(apperception background) and super addressee are indispensable 'Constructive Elements',forming'Structure of Response'of discourse. This structure summons positive understanding of response in practical interpretation and promotes a transformation of interpretation from individuality to publicity. Specifically,the plural presupposition of role as addressee and super addressee will summon the plural interpretation;in the second inherent dialogue,the public presupposition of addressee’s apperception background will summon the interpretation of commensurability and sharing;in the third one,the presupposition of super addressee will summon the interpretation of impartiality and truthfulness. In the actual explanatory dialogue,the activation of'Response Structure'of the inherent dialogicality will also promote the dynamic balance between the 'Certainty'pole and the 'Rich Pluralistic'one of public interpretation.The enlightenment of Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue to contemporary interpretive theory lies in that the inherent dialogue of discourse(text) expedites the external one so as to ensure that the publicity of interpretation will not be transformed into discourse mode with absolute monologue and compulsory unification.

关 键 词：内在对话性 受话人 应答结构 阐释的公共性 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]