松嫩平原盐生群落植物的组合结构  

Combinatorial structures of plant species in saline communities in the Songnen Plains of China

作　　者：李建东[1] 杨允菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《草业学报》2004年第1期32-38,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043407);国家自然科学基金项目(30070137;30270260)。

摘　　要：松嫩平原植被是蒙古、东北、兴安、华北4个植物区系成分相接触的区域,在全区所设的285个盐生群落调查样方中,共有74种盐生植物,隶属于20个科,6个株生长型,4个根生长型,5个生活型,5个水分生态类型,11个分布区型和6个饲用价值类型。其中,禾本科种类最多占20.3%,菊科和藜科分别占17.6%和14.9%。株生长型结构以分枝型种类最多占42%,丛生型为23%,直立型和匍匐型分别占11%。根生长型结构以直根型的种类最多占65%,刷状根型和根茎型分别为23%和11%。生活型结构以地面芽植物最多占37%,一年生植物次之占31%,地下芽植物占20%。水分生态类型结构以中生型种类最多占79%,湿中生型次之占8%。分布区型结构以蒙古分布区型的种类最多占29%,蒙古—华北分布区型次之占24%。饲用价值类型结构以中、低等质量的种类最多占52%,而优、良牧草种类只占23%。松嫩平原盐生植被具有温带草本群落的植株和根系的特点,典型的温带地面芽植物气候特征,中生生境条件,交错带的植物分布区型结构和饲用价值较低。The vegetation of the Songnen Plains of China is an area where is gathered with some floristic components of Mongolian, Northeastern, Dahuricia and North China. Investigated 285 sample squares in saline communities this area, all the 74 species of saline plants belong to 20 families, 6 growth forms of plant, 4 growth forms of root, 5 life forms, 5 ecological types of water, 11 areal types and 6 forage value types. Among them, the species of Gramineae take the most of 20.3%, and those of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae are 17.6% and 14.9% respectively. The species of limb type are 42% of the growth form of plant, as well as those of tuft type are 23%, endlong type and stolon type are all 11%. About the growth form of root, the most species of 65 % belong to taproot type, as well as 23% and 11% belong to brush root type and rhizome type. The life forms of most plants belong to hemicryptophyte which are 37% then therophyte are 31% and geophyte are 20%. The species of mesophyte are the most of ecological type of water that take 79% and those of mesohydrophyte take 8%. The species of Mongolian areal type are 29% of areal type and those of Mongolian-northern China areal type are 24%. In the forage value type structure, the species of middling and lowness quality take the most even 52%, but those of high and fine quality only take 23%. In conclusion, in the saline communities of the Songnen Plains, the plants and roots take on the characters of temperate herbage community, climate is typical temperate hemicryptophyte, besides that, there were mesophitic habitat condition, structure of areal types in the ecotone,and the forage value of plant species was lowness.

关 键 词：盐生植物 生长型 生活型 生态类型 分布区型 饲用价值类型 结构型谱 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]