黄檗的更新特点及食果实鸟类对其种子的传播  

Regeneration of Phellodendron amurense and its deed dispersal by frugivorous birds

作　　者：鲁长虎[1] 常家传[1] 许青[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2004年第1期24-29,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 170 165 )

摘　　要：在帽儿山实验林场和哈尔滨实验林场 ,黄檗母树下没有幼苗分布 ,不能进行天然更新 ,需要靠食果实鸟类等将果实和种子传播至远离母树的其他林下。捕食黄檗果实的食果实鸟类有 9种。其中 6种是食果肉鸟类 ,吞入果实后 ,消化果肉 ,而种子完整地随粪便排出而得以传播。其余 3种是食种子鸟类 ,没有传播作用。果实在鸟类消化道内的滞留时间达 2 0～ 30min ,具有很长的潜在传播距离。将鸟类消化后的种子与完整果实和人为去果肉种子进行萌发对比实验 ,消化后种子的累计萌发率与其余二者之间均没有显著性差异 ,说明食果实鸟类的消化 (道 )过程对种子萌发没有明显影响 ,同时证明果肉对种子萌发率没有显著影响 ,果肉中不含萌发抑制物质。黄檗提供多种鸟类以食物 ,而鸟类也同时以多种肉质果植物为食物。因此食果实鸟类和肉质果植物 (包括黄檗 )Regeneration and seed dispersal of Phellodendron amurense by frugivorous birds were studied at Maoershan and Harbin Forest Experiment Farms. Nine species of frugivorous birds fed on P. amurense fruits, while six of them were pulp-eating birds and three of them were seed-eating birds. Six species, which ate the whole fruits and defecated the seeds unhurt, were seed dispersers. The other three species were seed predators.Retention time of P. amurense fruits in the digestive systems of dispersers was between 20 and 30min. That means a long potential dispersing distance. The germination experiment of three groups of seeds (ingested seeds, extracted seeds and intact fruits) was compared, and cumulative germination showed no significant difference among them. Bird ingestion had no significant effect on seed germination of P. amurense. The result also showed that no germination inhibitor existed in pulp.P. amurense provides many frugivorous species with pulp, and bird species also feed on many other fleshy-fruit plants. The refor mutualism exists between many species of birds and plants.

关 键 词：黄檗 更新 食果实鸟类 种子传播 互利共生 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]