皮氏菊头蝠回声定位声波与年龄的关系  

Relationship Between Echolocation Calls and Age in the Bat Species of Rhinolophus pearsoni

作　　者：陈敏[1] 冯江[2] 刘颖[2] 张喜臣[2] 李振新[2] 周江[3] 张树义[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]东北师范大学环境科学系,吉林长春130024 [3]贵州师范大学生物系,贵州贵阳550000 [4]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2004年第1期15-19,共5页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 30 0 70 1 0 8)~~

摘　　要：皮氏菊头蝠 (Rhinolophuspearsoni)雌性成体 5只和幼体 2只采自贵州省贞丰县珉谷镇。采用超声波探测仪 (D980 ,ULTRASOUNDDETECTOR)接收皮氏菊头蝠的回声定位声波 ,转换到原频率的 1 / 1 0后导入计算机 ,然后用专业声谱分析软件 (Batsound 3 1 0 )进行分析。成蝠在飞行和悬挂状态下的声波结构相似 ,只是声波各项参数值略有不同 :它们发射FM CF FM型声波 ,具有 2～ 3个谐波 ,主频率在飞行时为 5 6 80± 0 6 2kHz ,悬挂时为 5 8 0 5± 0 2 4kHz ;声脉冲时间和间隔在飞行时分别为 3 4 6 2± 5 2 9ms和 86 5 0± 1 9 72ms ,悬挂时分别为 4 1 0 8± 5 87ms和 1 1 7 2 9± 6 6 4 4ms ;能率环飞行时为 ( 4 4 0 6± 1 2 5 8) % ,悬挂时为 ( 4 6 0 0±2 4 2 5 ) %。幼蝠声波为CF FM型 ,谐波数为 5～ 8个 ,主频率明显低于成体 ,FM带宽窄于成体 ,声脉冲时间和间隔短于成体 ,能率环低于成体。皮氏菊头蝠回声定位声波与年龄有关 ,这可能因成体的声波主要是探测食物和周围环境的详细信息 ,而幼体主要是与母蝠进行交流。Five adult and two young female bats of Rhinolophus pearsoni were captured in Mingu town,Zhenfeng County of Guizhou Province.Their echolocation calls were received with ultrasound detector(D980,ULTRASOUND DETECTOR),read out at one-tenth of the original speed,and then recorded to computer.Batsound 3.10 software was used to analyze the recorded echolocation calls.The result showed that the adult bat emitted FM-CF-FM calls often with 2-3 harmonics,the call's dominant frequency,pulse duration and interpulse interval were 56.80±0.62kHz,34.62±5.29ms and 86.50±19.72ms at fly,and 58.05±0.24kHz,41.08±5.87ms and 117.29±66.44ms at hang,respectively,and duty cycle was (44.06±12.58)% at fly and (46.00±24.25)% at hang.The young bat emitted CF-FM calls with 5-8 harmonics.The call's dominant frequency of the young was lower,FM bandwidth was narrower,pulse duration and interpulse interval were shorter,and duty cycle was lower than those of the adult.It is suggested that the echolocation call was correlated with the age in bats R.pearsoni.The adult call responded for detecting the information of food and surroundings,and the young one was for communicating with its mother.

关 键 词：皮氏菊头蝠 成幼体 回声定位声波 信息交流 

分 类 号：Q64[生物学—生物物理学]