晚清末年湖北农业改良述略  

Improvement of the Practice of Agriculture in Hubei in the Last Years of Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：徐凯希[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省社会科学院历史研究所,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《中国农史》2004年第1期27-33,共7页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：晚清末年是湖北传统农业向近代农业转变的重要阶段 ,侧重发展生物技术 ,大力发展农业教育 ,成为这一时期湖北农业改良方面的显著特点。在张之洞等人的积极倡导和推动下 ,随着西方农学思想逐步传播和商品性农业较快的发展 ,湖北农业无论在农作物的良种选育、推广 ,以及发展农业教育和传播农业知识等方面 ,都有了比较明显的进步 ,且在许多方面开风气之先。同时也为近代湖北植棉业和棉纺织业确立在国内的领先地位创造了条件。通过张之洞等人的多方努力 ,使处在人口不断增长和严重水患压力下的湖北农业 ,仍有缓慢的增长。The last years of late Oing Dynasty mark the turni ng point in the history of Hubei agriculture. The traditional way of farming gave way to modern methods of production. Emphasis was laid on the adoption and appli cation of new techniques. Under the auspices and sponsorship of Zhang Zhi-dong, the governor of Hubei and Hunan and other officials, peasant farmers in Hubei we re encouraged to modernize farming, they were taught general knowledge over a wi de range of such fields as soil and plant science, animal nutrition and genetics . They got to know to cultivate high-yielding varieties of food crops and fiber crops. Applications of farm education and knowledge of new techniques helped to increase total farm output. The great achievements in agriculture made Hubei fam ous come to the front and established its leading position in cotton plant and t extile industry in China. Despite severe floods and population expansion Hubei d id well, no one went hungry and the dvancement of agriculture suffered no distur bance at all.

关 键 词：晚清末年 湖北 农业改良 农业教育 张之洞 农作物 农业知识 

分 类 号：S-092.52[农业科学] K252[历史地理—历史学]