小学儿童的交友状况及其与孤独感的关系  

Friend-making among Primary School Children and Its Relations to Their Feelings of Loneliness

作　　者：陈会昌[1] 谷传华[1] 贾秀珍[1] 双赫[1] 饶锋[1] 任芳[1] 张荣华[1] 单玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,100875

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2004年第3期160-163,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的 :调查小学儿童的交友状况及其与儿童对自身孤独感和同伴交往的认识之间的关系。方法 :采用改编的儿童孤独感问卷和班级戏剧问卷 ,考察 13 6名小学儿童在 3年级和 5年级时的同伴交往状况和孤独感。结果 :(1)儿童 3年级和 5年级时的交友提名不存在显著的重测效应 ,但 3年级交友提名的性别差异显著 ;(2 ) 3年级的交友提名分与孤独感问卷各维度及总量表分均无显著相关 ,而 5年级时的交友提名分与 (纯 )孤独感维度及总量表分呈显著正相关 ,与社会适应感和对交友的自我评价两个维度呈显著负相关 ;(3 )学校、性别、 3年级时的交友提名对儿童 5年级时的交友提名均没有显著的预测作用 ,在孤独感问卷诸变量中 ,只有社会适应感变量具有显著的预测效应。Objective:To investigate the friend-making at grade 3 and grade 5 among primary school children and its relations to their feelings of loneliness. Method: The revised Questionnaire of Children's Feeling of Loneliness and Class Play Questionnaire were administered to 136 primary school children when they were at grade 3 and grade 5 to measure their friend-making characteristics and feelings of loneliness. Results: There was no significant grade difference in the score of peer nomination about friend-making between two waves, but significant gender difference was found at grade 3, with boys scored significantly higher than girls. No significant correlation was found between the nomination score and each dimension of the Questionnaire of Children's Feeling of Loneliness at grade 3. While at grade 5 significantly positive correlation existed between the nomination score and the dimension of unitary feeling of loneliness and the total score of the questionnaire, and significantly negative correlation existed between the nomination score and the other two dimensions: feelings of social adaptation and self-evaluation of friend-making. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the variables of school, gender, nomination of friend-making at grade 3 couldn't significantly predict the friend-making nomination at grade 5, and only the variable of feelings of social adaptation was found to be significantly predictive of the friend-making nomination at grade 5.

关 键 词：小学 儿童 交友状况 孤独感 精神卫生 社会适应感 心理学 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]