同调之中唱反调——鲁迅文学批评研究之一  

Sing with a Different Tone ——One of the Studies on Lu Xun's Literature Critics

作　　者：张永辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]保定师范专科学校中文系,河北保定071051

出　　处：《娄底师专学报》2004年第1期41-46,共6页Journal of Loudi Teachers College

摘　　要：《〈月界旅行〉辨言》主要是一篇针对(科幻)小说的产生、功能、作用的文学理论批评。娱情多趣、去庄而谐,是资产阶级维新派与鲁迅所共同认可的小说阅读感受;两者也都承认小说有巨大的社会作用。但前者从政治与文艺联姻的角度,把小说抬高到可以兴民亡民、兴国亡国的万千人事之根源的崇高位置,其性质是客观唯心主义的;而后者从科学与文艺沟通的角度,则认为小说的发生发展有一个历史积淀和历史进化的过程,是物质文明和精神文明相互作用的产物,其性质是历史唯物主义的。重视俗语且文言与俗语参用,是资产阶级维新派与鲁迅共同的语言选择。但前者在理论上崇奉俗语之魔力,对文言则一棒子打死,文言的参用也只是实践中的权宜之计;而后者在理论上认识到俗语之利在于人之易,其弊则在冗繁,文言之利却恰在简洁,文言的参用则是一种主动积极的选择。借男女之事编织小说以娱读者,是资产阶级维新派与鲁迅都看到并认可的一种题材选择。但前者认为天下无妇人之小说,后者则认为超俗之作,可无妇人,读者亦阅而不厌。所以,鲁迅在1903年便初步形成了与资产阶级维新派息息相通,但在本质上根本不同的文学理论批评观点。The Preface to Journey to The Moon is a critique on the emerging and function of science fiction.Lu Xun and the bourgeois reformers both think science fiction interesting and harmonious but not solemn and effective socially.However the bourgeois reformers think highly of its high social position that fiction can save the people and the country in the view of intermarrying the politics and literature while Lu Xun thinks the coming into being and envolving of fictions are the result of the course of the settling and envolving of history and the mutual effects of material civilization and spiritual civilization viewing from the intercourse between science and literature.Correspondingly the former is objective idealism and the latter is historical materialism.as to language using they both emphasize on the folk adages and the combination of folk adages and classical Chinese.The former worships the magic of folk adage theoreitically and objects to classical Chinese totally.The using of classical Chinese is only an expedient measure in practice while the latter realizes both sides of the folk adages:easily being understood but wordy.Lu Xun also realizes the simplicity of classical Chinese so he thinks the using of it is an active choice.The bourgeois reformers and Lu Xun both agree that love affairs can add to the interst of the fiction readers.At the same time,the former thinks there is no fiction without female characters but the latter considers there can be outstanding fictions without female characters .Lu Xun forms his own opinion on the literial theoreitical criticism which is closely linked with the opinion of the bourgeois formers but sharply different in characters.

关 键 词：鲁迅 资产阶级维新派 文学理论批评 小说功用 语言选择 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]