近600年来我国的旱灾与瘟疫  

Drought and Pestilence in China in the Past 600 Years

作　　者：李明志[1] 袁嘉祖[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学期刊编辑部 [2]北京林业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2003年第3期40-43,共4页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

摘　　要：根据有关历史文献、气象资料、报表和地方志的统计结果 ,15— 19世纪 ,全国共发生旱灾 15次 ,总历时 4 9年 ,其中 14次有瘟疫伴生。北方旱灾 14次 ,13次有瘟疫伴生 ;南方旱灾 7次 ,均有瘟疫伴生 ,有 6次南北同旱。 2 0世纪 ,全国共发生旱灾 18次 ,其中 ,北方旱灾 17次 ,两次有瘟疫伴生 ;南方旱灾 11次 ,1次有瘟疫伴生。 2 0世纪的灾害发生率是前 5 0 0年的 6倍。该文指出 ,这是由于在全球工业化过程中 ,不断增加的温室气体产生了温室效应 ,使气候变暖、降水减少、持续冬暖所致。因此 ,该文建议加快实施西部开发 ,治理环境 ,实施节水、调水工程 ,提高防灾抗灾能力 。Based on the statistics of some historic literature,meteorological data,tables,and local chronicles,from 15th century to 19th,there occurred 15 droughts in China lasting totally for 49 years,14 out of which were accompanied by pestilence.In the north,out of 14 droughts,13 were accompanied by pestilence,and in the south,pestilence accompanied all the 7 droughts,6 of which occurred coincidently with the north.In the 20th century occurred 18 droughts altogether 17 in the north,2 with pestilence,and 11 in the south,1 with pestilence.The occurrence rate of disasters is 5 times higher than that of the previous 500 years.The paper points out that the phenomenon is caused by global warming\|up,reduced rainfall,and persistent warm winters resulted from greenhouse effect owing to the emission of huge quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in the course of global industrialization,and hence suggests quickening the implementation of western great development,bettering environment,implementing water\|saving and water\|transferring projects,enhancing disaster\|preventing and disaster\|combating capacities,solving the problem of drought and pestilence in the north thoroughly.

关 键 词：中国 旱灾 瘟疫 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]