白三叶转基因及其生态适应性研究进展  

Research progress on genetic transformation and ecological adaptability in white clover

作　　者：赵桂琴[1] 王锁民[2] 任继周[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命学院 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第3期592-598,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 30 2 70 94 7)~~

摘　　要：牧草基因工程是近年来国内国际研究的热点之一 ,白三叶作为温带地区优良的豆科牧草 ,是人工草地建植的首选草种 ,也是各类观赏性草坪和绿地的主要组分。但白三叶的生态幅较窄 ,适宜在温暖 (适宜生长温度为 19～ 2 4℃ )湿润、年降雨量 70 0～10 0 0 mm的地区生长 ,对土壤酸碱度的要求比较严 ,适宜的土壤 p H为 6～ 7,耐酸性和耐盐碱能力都比较差 ,从而限制了其在许多地区的应用。利用转基因手段提高其抗逆性和生态适应性 ,培育抗性强、适应性广的白三叶新品种 ,对我国尤其是北方畜牧业、草坪业和生态建设都具有重要意义。在提高其对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的抗性和生态适应性方面 ,白三叶的转基因研究已经取得了较大进展。结合国内外白三叶基因工程及生态适应性研究动态 ,系统介绍了白三叶转基因研究的主要内容和方法 ,在对已有成果进行综合分析的基础上 ,就目前白三叶转基因和生态适应性研究中亟待解决的一些问题进行了探讨。Forage gene engineering is one of the hotspots attracting both national and international attention recently. As an excellent legume in temperate region, white clover is the first choice in artificial grassland establishment, as well as all kinds of ornamental turf and green land. However, White clover has a narrow ecological amplitute, and only adapts to warm and humid environment. The desirable growth temperature is 19～24℃, with 700～1000mm annual mean precipitation. It has a strict require for soil pH, the appropriate soil pH for white clover is 6～7. The acid and salinity tolerance of white clover is quite weak, which limits its application and extension in many regions, especially in northern China. So it is significant to improve its stress resistance and ecological adaptability by means of gene transformation, breed new cultivars and varieties for animal husbandry, turf industry and ecological construction in northern regions. The genetic transformation of white clover has made great progress in improving its resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as ecological adaptability. Interest genes including NPTII, WCMV coat protein gene, GUS, Bar, AMV coat protein gene, CryIBa, CYVV coat protein gene, pea albumin 1, 10kDa maize zein seed storage protein gene, potato proteinase inhibitor II and others have been introduced into white clover, transgenic plants have been released. In this paper, the main subjects and methodology in genetic transformation of white clover are reviewed in detail. Some emergent questions are presented and discussed on the base of comprehensive analysis in genetic transformation and ecological adaptability progress.

关 键 词：白三叶 转基因 生态适应性 牧草 基因工程 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]