论西北地区的水资源安全:问题与对策  

WATER SECURITY IN NORTHWEST CHINA:PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES

作　　者：闵庆文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2004年第1期97-101,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"973"项目 (2 0 0 2CB1115 0 6);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程项目 (CXIOG -B0 0 -0 2 -0 5 )研究成果YINNORTH

摘　　要：本文首先从水资源的数量、区域分布、水旱灾害、可达性、生态系统的脆弱性等角度 ,分析了西北地区水资源安全现状 ,然后辨识了影响该地区水资源安全的几对矛盾 ,包括水量短缺与用水浪费之间的矛盾、生产用水与生态用水之间的矛盾、上游用水与中下游用水之间的矛盾等 ,最后在此基础上 ,提出了保障水资源安全的基本对策 ,包括 :①普及水资源安全忧患意识 ,增强节水观念 ;②引入生态系统管理思想 ,加强水资源的统一管理与合理使用 ;③保证生态用水 ,并根据水资源承载力进行生态环境建设。At present, the world is facing the water crisis which has attracted the attention from governors, scientists and the public. Northwest China, located in arid and semi-arid regions, has been suffering from the shortage of water resources. In this paper, the current status of water security in Northwest China was analyzed from the angles of quantity, distribution, disasters, accessibility, fragility of ecosystem. Then, some pairs of conflicts influencing the regional water security were diagnosed,including conflicts between quantitative deficit and extravagant use, between productive water use and ecological water use, between uses in upper reaches and in middle and lower reaches. At last, some countermeasures to guarantee water security in Northwest China were proposed which are:①to arouse the awareness of water security so as to strengthen the water saving idea; ②to introduce the ecosystem management approach and intensify the integrated management and rational use of water resources; and ③to ensure ecosystem water use and pay much attention to water resources carrying capacity during the process of eco-environmental construction.

关 键 词：西北地区 水资源安全 节水 生态环境建设 西部大开发 中国 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X171.41[环境科学与工程—环境科学]