外来植物黄顶菊的入侵警报及防控对策  

An alert regarding biological invasion by a new exotic plant, Flaveria bi-dentis, and strategies for its control

作　　者：高贤明[1] 唐廷贵[2] 梁宇[1] 郑天翔[3] 桑卫国[1] 陈艺林[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京100093 [2]南开大学生命科学院,天津300071 [3]衡水师范专科学校生物系,河北衡水053000 [4]中国科学院植物研究所标本馆,北京100093

出　　处：《生物多样性》2004年第2期274-279,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大工程项目(KSCXl-SW-13-03-06)

摘　　要：一种菊科外来植物最近出现在我国华北地区的天津市和河北省的衡水与廊坊市。专家鉴定结果证明这是一种我国从未报道过的外来物种Flaveria bidentis。本文拟定了它的中文名称:黄顶菊,并对其原产地、扩散范围以及形态学、生理学、生态学等方面的特征进行了介绍。通过分析其特性,我们认为黄顶菊是一种入侵性极高的一年生杂草,特别是对农牧业生态系统有极大的破坏性。为了防治、控制和根除这种新入侵的有害物种,本文借鉴国内外入侵物种防治的经验提出了一些建议,供有关方面参考,并呼吁各有关人员和部门积极行动起来,调查其入侵途径,分析其可能入侵的区域,评估其入侵性,拟定科学的防控方案。A new exotic species of Asteraceae (Compositae) has been appearing in Tianjin City and Hengshui and Langfang of Hebei Province. The result of our investigation shows that it is Flaveria bedentis (Asteraceae) , which has never been reported in China before. According to literature references and its ecology, we assign a Chinese name to it, and introduce its original and expanded distributions in the world, as well as the characteristics of its morphology, physiology and ecology. An assessment of its primary invasiveness indicates that F. bidentis is a highly dangerous exotic annual weed with very strong in-vasiveness, especially to ecosystems of croplands and grasslands. We put forward strategies for preventing and controlling this weed in order to eradicate it as early as possible. We appeal to experts and government departments to make efforts to investigate its route of invasion, to analyze the potential regions it could invade and occupy, and to assess its invasiveness and study strategies to control its diffusion.

关 键 词：外来物种 植物 黄顶菊 入侵性 杂草 原产地 扩散范围 形态学 生理学 生态学 防治 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]