米草属植物入侵的生态后果及管理对策  

Ecological consequences and management of Spartina spp. invasions in coastal ecosystems

作　　者：陈中义[1] 李博[1] 陈家宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《生物多样性》2004年第2期280-289,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370235);教育部重点项目(104074)

摘　　要：生物入侵是全球变化的重要组成部分,可能对入侵地造成严重的经济和生态后果,所以评价外来种入侵的生态后果是入侵生态学研究的核心问题之一。本文以米草属(Spartina)植物为例,综述了其对入侵地区自然环境、生物种群、群落和生态系统的影响;结合国际上对米草属入侵种的管理策略,讨论了我国米草属植物管理中的一些重要问题。Biological invasions, a significant component of global environmental change, can result in serious economic and ecological consequences. Assessing the ecological impacts of invasive plants is one of the most important issues in the study of biological invasion ecology. This paper reviews the ecological consequences of Spartina spp. invasions in the coastal ecosystems of the world, and discusses strategies for controlling their further range expansion. The genus Spartina consists of 14 species, most of which grow in coastal areas. Half of the species of the genus have successfully invaded intertidal ecosystems in coastal areas or estuaries of the world. Because these species often form dense shoot populations under favourable conditions, they can potentially alter the physical conditions of the ecosystems they invade, and have the potential to exclude native plants by competition, which in turn influences benthic fauna, and e-ventually results in elimination of critical foraging habitat for migratory shorebirds. Unfortunately, arresting and reversing the invasion of Spartina spp. may become infeasible once these species have spread and become established. Therefore, immediate and aggressive actions need to be taken to prevent further degradation and loss of the natural ecological structures and functions of coastal ecosystems, caused by Spartina spp. invasions. The most effective actions are to prevent Spartina spp. from invading new habitats or eradicate populations that have been recently established.

关 键 词：生物入侵 米草属植物 生物多样性 潮间带生态系统 自然环境 生物种群 群落 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]