我国改良小麦品种抗赤霉病性的来源与抗赤霉病性改良中的问题  

SOURCES OF SCAB RESISTANCE IN IMPROVED WHEAT VARIETIES AND PROBLEMS IN ATTAINING IMPROVED SCAB RESISTANCE IN CHINA

作　　者：刘宗镇[1] 汪志远[1] 赵文俊[1] 黄德崇[1] 黄晓敏[1] 孙锡娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院植物保护研究所,上海201106

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1992年第4期47-52,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：从3万多份小麦材料的抗赤霉病性鉴定及主要抗赤霉病品种的系谱分析中发现,我国改良小麦品种的抗赤性最初起源于中度感病品种。其中,最主要的是一些中度感病的意大利品种和我国地方品种。70年代以釆,抗赤性来源几乎局限于意大利品种Mentana、Funo和我国地方品种台湾小麦等几个基因型,以致80年代我国抗赤育种没有取得新的突破。因此,很有必要广泛开拓和利用新抗源。抗赤性的选择应当在低世代和人工诱发病害流行的条件下进行,把抗赤性分为O、HR、R、MR、LR、S和HS更合理。Fusarium head blight (scab) caused by Fusarium graminearum Sehw. (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch.) is one of the most important wheat diseases in China.Great progress has been achieved in breeding for resistance.After screening more than 30,000 wheat lines, the scab-resistance sources in improved Chinese wheat varieties were found to come primarily from moderately susceptible (MS) varieties. Pyramiding of scab resistance from Italian MS varieties and Chinese MS varieties has resulted in enhancing scab resistance in the improved Chinese varieties.Since 1974, improved varieties with scab resistance produced by combining among Funo and Mentana from Italy and Taiwanxiaomai from China, have become the main sources of scab resistance in improved Chinese wheat germplasm.New breakthroughs in scab resistance were not achieved in the 1980s, probably it was due to the sources of resistance being limited to very few genotypes.To change the situation in the 1990s, new scab resistance sources must be developed and utilized.The selection for scab resistance should be made in low generation under induced scab epidemic and the assessment of scab resistance might be more reasonable according to the following 7 scales: O, HR, R, MR, MS, S and HS.

关 键 词：小麦 赤霉病 抗性 改良 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]