代词“之”、“其”的共性与差异  

The Similarity and Difference between Pronouns“Zhi” and ”Qi” of Chinese

作　　者：陈志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学文学院,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2004年第2期123-126,共4页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：古汉语中的虚词“之”、“其”原本是指示代词 ,它们都指向一定的人、事、物。指示代词“之”、“其”的主要功能是作定语 ,“之”偶尔可作宾语。用泛指、特指来区分“之”、“其”的观点很难成立 ,传统用近指、远指区分“之”、“其”的说法更切合语言实际。指示代词“之”、“其”可以兼表第三人称。作为第三人称代词 ,“之”经常作宾语 ,“其”经常作定语。“其”字还可以作主谓词组 (或称“小句”)的主语 ,“其”不能作主语的说法应该否定。另外 ,“其”在秦汉之际也偶有作间接宾语的用例 ;“其”在《诗经》中用作词头的说法也值得商榷。The function words ”zhi” and ”qi” in ancient Chinese are originally demonstrative pronouns. They both refer to a certain person or object and their major grammatical function is attributive while ”zhi” occasionally acts as object. It is not reasonable to distinguish ”zhi” and ”qi” based on the notion of ”general referring” or ”specific referring”. The traditional distinction based on ”near referring” and ”farther referring” seems more practical. The demonstrative pronouns ”zhi” and ”qi” can both refer to the third person. As the third person pronoun, ”zhi” usually acts as object and ”qi” as attributive. It is not the case that ”qi” cannot act as subject for ”qi” can act as the subject of the subject-predicate phrase(or minimal sentence). In addition ”qi” sometimes acts as indirect object in Qin and Han dynasty. It is also arguable that ”qi” acts as the initial word in ”The Collection of Ancient Poems”.

关 键 词：指示代词 近指 远指 人称代词 主语 宾语 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]