汉语句式的标记度及基本语序问题  

On Degrees of Markedness of Chinese Constructions and the Basic Chinese Order

作　　者：施春宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学人文学院,北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2004年第2期10-18,共9页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：本文从石毓智(2000)的分析谈起,指出根据能否进入从句这一单一测试框架严格区分汉语无标记结构和有标记结构有很大困难。不同句式之间标记度的高低跟句子自身的合格程度、句子自身的性质、与相关语境的适切程度都有关系,可以根据标记理论判定有标记项和无标记项的标准来分析汉语常见句式的标记度,同时还要区分句法层面的句式和话语层面的句式在标记度上的差异。文中比较系统地讨论了汉语常见句式之间的标记度等级,最后从典型事件结构的句法抽象过程来讨论汉语的基本语序,认为汉语基本语序是语言共性的参数选择的结果。Beginning with the analysis by Mr. Shi Yuzhi, this article holds that it is quite difficult to strictly differentiate the unmarked Chinese structures from the marked Chinese structures on the basis of whether they can enter into a clause. The degrees of markedness of different Chinese constructions are related to each sentence's acceptance degree, nature and appropriateness to the relevant context. Common Chinese construction can be analyzed according to the Theory of Markedness; meanwhile the difference in the degrees of markedness between the sentence-level construction and the discourse-level construction should be exposed. The article gives a systematic description of the different levels of the degrees of markedness among common Chinese constructions. The last part discusses the basic Chinese word order and believes that the basic Chinese word order results from the selection of the parameters from the language universals.

关 键 词：句式 标记度 语序 参数 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]