句尾“了”构成的句式、语义及语用功能  

The Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of Sentences Ended on 'le'

作　　者：谭春健[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语速成学院,北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2004年第2期26-31,共6页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：北京语言大学一般研究项目<动态助词‘了’的使用规律考察及其教学研究>的一部分

摘　　要：汉语中存在"易态"范畴。所谓"易态"就是:在时间流逝中,事件从某一时间边界前的初始状态进入时间边界后的终结状态。"了"在句尾正是体现"易态"范畴的句法标记。其构成的句法形式包括:(已经+)VP+了、就要+VP+了、该+VP+了、开始+VP+了、不+VP+了、不再+VP+了、再也不+VP+了、别+VP+了,等等。上述句式共同的语义内涵为:事件在时间边界"T"前并不处于终结状态"S",但在时间边界"T"后则处于终结状态"S",或者说,事件在时间区域"T"处于初始状态"S",但在时间区域"T+R"处于终结状态" S"。其语用功能表现为传递新信息、提示、归纳推演三种。There is a category of the change of state in Mandarin Chinese. The change of state means that a progressing event changes from its beginning state to the ending state at the point of demarcation between two periods of time. 'Le' at the end of a sentence is the syntactic marker indicating the category of the change of state. The grammatical structures of the above sentences are as follows: (yijing+)VP+le,jiuyao+VP+le,gai+VP+le,kaishi+VP+le,bu+VP+le,buzai+VP+le,zaiyebu+VP+le,bie+VP+le,and so on. The common pragmatic functions of these sentence structures include delivering new information, reminding somebody of something, and concluding the process of state.

关 键 词：了 易态范畴 时间边界 语义内涵 语用功能 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]