区域生态安全格局:概念与理论基础  

The regional pattern for ecological security (RPES): the concept and theoretical basis

作　　者：马克明[1] 傅伯杰[1] 黎晓亚[2] 关文彬[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第4期761-768,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4680 7) ;中国科学院知识创新资助项目 (KZCX3 -SW-4 2 4)~~

摘　　要：提出区域生态安全格局概念的提出 ,适应了生态系统恢复和生物多样性保护的发展需求。针对区域生态环境问题 ,通过干扰排除以及空间格局规划和管理 ,能够保护和恢复生物多样性 ,维持生态系统结构、功能和过程的完整性 ,实现对区域生态环境问题的有效控制和持续改善。区域生态安全格局的研究对象具有针对性、研究尺度具有区域性、研究问题具有系统性、研究手段具有主动性。它强调区域尺度的生物多样性保护、退化生态系统恢复及其空间合理配置、生态系统健康的维持、景观生态格局的优化、以及对社会经济发展需求的满足。它更加强调格局与过程安全及其整体集成 ,将生态系统管理对策落实到具体的空间地域上 ,实现管理效果的直观可视。相关理论 ,景观生态学、干扰生态学、保护生物学、恢复生态学、生态经济学、生态伦理学、和复合生态系统理论等为其提供了坚实的理论基础。区域生态安全格局不存在一个固定标准 ,人类对生态系统服务功能需求的不断变化是生态系统管理的根本原因。实现区域生态安全不但要以社会、经济、文化、道德、法律、和法规为手段 ,更要以其不断发展对生态系统服务功能的新需求为目标逐步进行。区域生态安全格局研究对于解决区域生态环境问题具有不可替代的作用 ,具有广阔应用前景。The concept of the Regional Pattern for Ecological Security (RPES) was proposed. Aimed at regional ecological and environmental problems, a spatial pattern can be designed and managed to conserve and restore biodiversity, to maintain ecosystem integrity of structures, functions and processes, and to realize the effective control and continuing improvement of the specific problems on the basis of disturbance removal. Which was accordant with the developments of ecological restoration and biological conservation. The RPES study directly pointed to the ecological problems and focused on the ecological restoration and biological conservation at regional scale, the study was systematic, and the approach was active. It emphasized on the restoration and configuration of degraded ecosystems, the maintenance of ecosystem health, the optimization of landscape pattern, and the spatial pattern adjustment adapted to the developments of the society and economics at regional scale. The spatial pattern visualized the strategies of ecosystem management, and ensured the security of ecological pattern and process as well as their integration at regional scale. The relevant theories, landscape ecology, disturbance ecology, conservation biology, restoration ecology, ecological economics, ecological ethics, and the integrated ecosystem theory, supplied solid theoretical supports to the concept. The RPES has not a fixed standard, but the varied human requirement to ecosystem services is the root reason for implementing the ecosystem management. Therefore, it should be realized not only by the means of social, economic, cultural, moral, law, and regularity methods, but also need to be consistent to the developing demands of human society to ecosystem services. The RPES study will play a key role in dealing with regional ecological and environmental problems, therefore has a brighter future in ecological restoration and biological conservation.

关 键 词：区域生态安全格局 理论基础 生态恢复 生物保护 社会经济发展 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]