宝鸡千河流域大海子地裂缝成因及减灾措施  

Causes of Dahaizi Ground Fissure and Measures for Reducing Impact from Disaster in Qianhe Watershed of Baoji City

作　　者：韩景卫[1] 屈康庆[1] 张掌权[1] 

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院灾害监测与机理模拟陕西省重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721007

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2004年第3期50-53,68,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：陕西省教育厅省级重点实验室重点科研项目(02JS39)

摘　　要：大海子地裂缝分布于千河四级阶地与黄土台塬之间的黄土坡地区,目前正处于滑坡的蠕动变形阶段。黄土的物理化学性质是地裂缝形成的基础条件,梯田的蓄水功能创造了有利的水文条件,连阴雨及暴雨是地裂缝形成、扩展的诱发因素。人工切削坡脚造成斜坡的不稳定状态则是地裂缝形成的主要原因。地裂缝一旦形成,它便同梯田中的黄土陷穴一起成为地表水转化为地下水的通道。离石黄土中古土壤层所具有的相对不透水性,使其与上覆黄土的分界面成为潜在的滑动面。建议采取搬迁住户,改造梯田,加强监测,合理布局村落等措施来减小以至消除灾害造成的损失。The Dahaizi ground fissure, which is located in the sloping area between the Qianhe's four-step terrace and the loess tableland, is now in a phase of shifting and distortion. The physical and chemical quality of the loess is fundamental to the formation of the ground fissure. Soil water storage in the terraced fields storing have created ideal conditions for its movement. Continuous rain and rainstorms cause expansion of the ground fissure. Cutoff of foot slopes through human activity major cause of fissure expansion. Once the ground fissure forms, it contributes to the passage of surface water to the groundwater system. This disturbs the water-resistant structure of the former soil surface and enahances the potential for land sliding. Due to the risks created by fissure activity, this paper suggests that housing structures should be removed from this area, the terraced fields should be reconstructed, monitoring should be strengthened and villages should be properly planned so that damage that may be caused by fissure-related natural disaster can be relieved or (eliminated.)

关 键 词：地裂缝 滑坡 形成原因 减灾措施 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P642.26[天文地球—工程地质学]