狐蝠对森林生态系统的作用  

Important role of flying foxes (Megachiroptera) to forest ecosystem

作　　者：马杰[1] 张金国[2] 张恩泉[2] 张劲硕[1] 梁冰[1] 张树义[1] 沈钧贤[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]北京动物园,北京100044 [3]中国科学院生物物理研究所视觉信息加工重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2004年第3期115-119,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目 ( 3 0 0 2 5 0 0 7);国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 0 2 70 169;3 0 170 2 5 0 );中国科学院"知识创新工程"新项目(KSCX3 -IOZ -0 3 )及其重要创新方向 (C2A0 3 0 48);国家科技部基础研究重大项目前期研究专项 ( 2 10 0CCA0 0 70 0 )

摘　　要：翼手目 (Chiroptera)为真正能飞翔的哺乳动物 ,现存 19科 110 7种 ,分别属于小蝙蝠亚目 (Microchiroptera)和大蝙蝠亚目 (Megachiroptera) ;其中大蝙蝠又称旧大陆狐蝠或果蝠 (flyingfox) ,分布在热带和亚热带地区 ,仅狐蝠科 188种 ,我国自然分布有 9种。部分地区因栖息地丧失和过度捕杀导致狐蝠种群数量全球性或地区性下降或灭绝 ;狐蝠通过传播种子或传粉 ,促进森林生态系统的更新和基因交流。因此 ,狐蝠对森林生态系统的稳定、扩散。Chiroptera,including 1?107 species belonging to 19 families,are real flying mammals and consist of Microchiroptera and Megachiroptera.The later are often called as Old World fruit bat or flying fox and include 188 species.They can be found in tropical and subtropical area,with 9 of them naturally distributed in China.In this paper,we reviewed the status of decrease of plant species and loss of economic fruits because some species of flying foxes are becoming rare or extinct by exceeded trapping and habitat loss in some area.The importance of flying foxes in gene exchange and regeneration of forest system by predating fruits and pollinating was summerized.The importance of flying foxes for the stability,biodiversity and rejuvenation of forest was pointed out.

关 键 词：狐蝠 更新 种子传播 传粉 森林生态 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]