乔姆斯基语言天赋思想的皮尔士哲学根源:溯因逻辑  

On the Peircean philosophical foundations in Chomskyan innateness hypothesis: logic of abduction

作　　者：贺川生[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《当代语言学》2004年第2期128-138,共11页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目 0 2BYY0 0 1形式语言学研究的资助

摘　　要：乔姆斯基 (Chomsky)的语言学思想 ,特别是他的语言天赋观 ,到底来源于哪些前辈哲学家 ?本文在大量证据的基础上 ,论证乔姆斯基语言天赋论的哲学基础主要来源于皮尔士 (Peirce) ,乔姆斯基语言习得理论的哲学背景是皮尔士一般知识获得体系。本文首先探讨了皮尔士的一般知识获得理论 ,认为乔姆斯基的语言习得天赋思想借鉴了皮尔士认识论的两个重要思想 :猜测本能和溯因逻辑。最后本文在Andersen (1973)语言习得模型的基础上 ,解释了后期皮尔士溯因逻辑在乔姆斯基语言习得理论中的作用 ,并且试图在乔姆斯基语言习得模型中融合皮尔士的认识论(溯因逻辑 )思想 :在猜测本能基础上的溯因 -演绎 -归纳的知识获得过程 ,即儿童从有限素材基础上本能地利用溯因推理建立假设和理论 ,创造性地演绎生成新语言事实 ,再由归纳在经验中检验这些新语言事实 。This paper argues that the philosophical foundations of Chomsky's innateness hypothesis in language acquisition is mainly derived from Peirce's general knowledge acquisition, and that Chomsky borrowed two important ideas from Peirce to develop his innateness: guessing instinct and abduction. This paper first presents Peirce's knowledge acquisition theory and shows how Chomsky feels closest to him in epistemology. In the end, based on Andersen (1973), this paper illustrates the role of the later Peircean abduction in Chomsky's theory of language acquisition and tries to integrate the logic of abduction into Chomsky' language acquisition model. The conclusion is that a child acquires his mother language by abducing a hypothetical grammar based on his interaction with experience followed by deducing new linguistic data from such hypothetical grammar and inducing them in real context.

关 键 词：乔姆斯基 语言学思想 语言天赋观 皮尔士 哲学思想 溯因逻辑 语言习得 认识论 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]