不同收获期及不同干燥方法对苜蓿草粉营养成分的影响  

EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT HARVESTING TIME AND DIFFERENT DRYING WAYS ON NUTRIENT LEVELS IN ALFALFA MEAL

作　　者：王常慧[1,2] 杨建强[3] 王永新[4] 董宽虎[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室 [2]山西农业大学动物科技学院,山西太谷030801 [3]中国人民解放军军事医学科学院生物工程研究所 [4]山西农业大学动物科技学院

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2004年第2期60-64,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：山西省科技厅攻关项目(001030)资助。

摘　　要：本文系统地探索了苜蓿在制作草粉前的茎叶比对其营养价值的影响以及不同生育期(现蕾期、初花期和盛花期)和不同干燥方法(自然晒干、实验室烘箱65℃烘干和120℃高温干燥)对苜蓿草粉、苜蓿叶粉和苜蓿茎粉的影响。研究结果表明:1、随着生育期的推迟,茎叶比例上升,导致苜蓿草粉、苜蓿叶粉和苜蓿茎粉的粗蛋白质(CP)和胡萝卜素的含量显著下降(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著上升(P<0.05),钙、磷、灰分变化差异不显著。从以上几种化学成分的分析来看,现蕾期收割苜蓿营养成分最好,其次是初花期、盛花期。2、高温脱水干燥显著地提高了苜蓿草粉、苜蓿叶粉的蛋白质、胡萝卜素的含量,在现蕾期高温干燥的条件下,苜蓿草粉的蛋白含量达20.35%,苜蓿叶粉的蛋白含量达25.15%,胡萝卜素含量可达238.7mg/kg。高温脱水干燥虽然生产成本较高,但能够满足市场对蛋白质饲料的需求,尤其适合在经济较发达地区发展。With harvesting time(pre-bloom,early bloom and mid-bloom)postponed,the alfalfa stem to leaf ratio increased,the contents of crude protein(CP) and carotene dropped while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) increased significantly(P<0.05) under different drying ways(suncured,65℃ drying in the lab and 120℃ drying).The contents of ashuncured,calcium and phosphorus had no significant difference.From above nutritive content,it can be concluded that pre-bloom is the best period for harvesting alfalfa,followed by early bloom,and then mid-bloom.High temperature dehydration significantly increased CP and carotene contents of the whole alfalfa meal and leaf meal,compared with suncured and 65℃ drying in the lab.The content of CP of the whole alfalfa meal was 20.35% and of the leaf meal was 25.15%,the content of carotene was 238.7mg/kg.The cost of the high temperature dehydrated alfalfa meal was higher,but it can meet the markets demands,especially leaf meal has a perspective future.

关 键 词：苜蓿草粉 叶粉 收获期 干燥方法 营养成分 

分 类 号：S551[农业科学—作物学] S816.5