miRNA在结核病中对巨噬细胞免疫反应影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Effect of miRNA on the Immune Response of Macrophages in Tuberculosis

作　　者：黄飞扬 久太[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学研究生院,青海 西宁 [2]青海大学附属医院呼吸与危重症学科,青海 西宁

出　　处：《临床医学进展》2023年第8期13057-13066,共10页Advances in Clinical Medicine

摘　　要：结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb)是结核病(Tuberculosis, TB)的病原菌,侵入人体后巨噬细胞是结核分枝杆菌主要固有免疫细胞,巨噬细胞(Macrophage, Mø)具有高度的异质性和可塑性,在不同的刺激下可极化成M1、M2型巨噬细胞。外泌体作为细胞及器官间通讯的介质,将其内包含的microRNA等信号因子传递到各个细胞或器官影响其功能活动,有研究表明微小RNA (mi-croRNA, miRNA)参与了抑制细胞凋亡、自噬及细胞因子分泌等先天免疫细胞反应,同时miRNA可通过调节巨噬细胞极化趋势,影响结核杆菌的清除效率。本综述描述了结核分枝杆菌感染后外泌体来源的miRNA参与机体免疫反应,包括参与炎症、细胞凋亡、自噬以及调节巨噬细胞极化对结核杆菌影响的研究进展,还阐述了外泌体miRNA作为诊断或治疗结核病的一种新型标志物的潜力性。Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen of tuberculosis (TB). Macrophages are the main innate immune cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after invading human body. Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic, and can be polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages under differ-ent stimuli. As a communication medium between cells and organs, exosomes transmit signal fac-tors such as microRNA to various cells or organs, which affects their functional activities. Studies have shown that MicroRNA is involved in inhibiting innate immune cell reactions such as apoptosis, autophagy and cytokine secretion, and at the same time, miRNA can affect the clearance efficiency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by regulating the polarization trend of macrophages. This review describes the progress of research on the role of exosome-derived miRNA in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and regula-tion of macrophage polarization on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also describes the potential of exosomal miRNA as a new marker for the diagnosis or treatment of tuberculosis.

关 键 词：结核病 MIRNA 先天免疫细胞反应 M1/M2型巨噬细胞 生物标志物 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]