梅洛–庞蒂:基于身体中介化的交互主体性与人类历史整体性思考  

Merleau-Ponty: Intersubjectivity and Holistic Thinking of Human History Based on Embodied Intermediation

作　　者：冯文坤[1] 杨阆 

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学外国语学院,四川 成都 [2]电子科技大学公共管理学院,四川 成都

出　　处：《哲学进展》2024年第11期3165-3176,共12页Advances in Philosophy

摘　　要：梅洛–庞蒂是法国哲学家,现象学家,存在主义者。他主张通过重新审视我们的身体经验,特别是感知世界的方式,来重新连接我们与世界的关系。梅洛–庞蒂之哲学思考围绕身体–主体与交互主体展开。他认为,身体在不断与环境互动中塑造历史,而历史亦在不断塑造身体。此历史观强调身体之主体性与能动性,使历史不再是抽象概念,而与个体之身体经验紧密相连。梅洛–庞蒂深思马克思对社会公义之政治追求,并高度赞誉其历史发展之终极原因为无数单个意志相互冲突所产生之合力的思想。梅洛–庞蒂取其智慧,实乃情理之中。然令人惊奇者,乃梅洛–庞蒂于寻求更深层次之理论支撑时,转向索绪尔之结构语言学理论,力图揭示历史中之深层结构与意义。于梅洛–庞蒂而言,语言乃沟通之工具,更是构建人类主体间性之基石。他认为人类主体间性乃透过语言实现共享意义世界,并经由人类实践场域统摄主体与客体。借由语言,人类得以理解、诠释与构建世界,经过实践实现自由具体化和责任化。梅洛–庞蒂之历史观与交互主体思考,为我们走向人类共同体与“我们式关系”提供了一种新的思考方式。Maurice Merleau-Ponty was a French philosopher, phenomenologist, and existentialist. He advocated reconnecting our relationship with the world by reexamining our bodily experiences, particularly the way we perceive the world. Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy centers on body-subject and intersubjectivity. He believes that human body shapes history through interaction with his environment, and history shapes human body in turn. This view emphasizes the subjectivity and agency of human body, making history less abstract and more connected to individual experiences. Merleau-Ponty considers Karl Marx’s pursuit of social justice and praises the ultimate reason for historical development as the combined efforts of individual wills. It�

关 键 词：梅洛–庞蒂 身体–主体 实践场域 交互主体性 人类共同体 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]