双加工理论对选择性信任的解释  

Explanation of Selective Trust by a Dual-Process Account

作　　者：张宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理学部,天津

出　　处：《心理学进展》2021年第8期1941-1948,共8页Advances in Psychology

摘　　要：幼儿有选择地从更值得信赖的信息提供者那里学习。然而,这种早期的选择性信任建立在什么样的认知过程上仍然没有明确的答案。有研究表明,理性特质推理可能是幼儿选择性信任的基础,而另一些研究则认为选择性信任并没有这么复杂。这篇文章中概述了选择性信任的发展进程,并介绍了一个新的理论框架来解释这些有争议的结果。幼儿的选择性信任可以通过两种潜在的认知过程来解释:一种是快速的、隐含的、启发式的、自动判断的过程,另一种是系统的、缓慢的、需要努力获得的、在特定环境下起作用的过程。基于这个理论框架,提出了一个可供检验的假设。Young children selectively learn from more trustworthy information providers. However, there is no clear answer as to what cognitive process this early selective trust is based on. Some studies suggest that rational trait reasoning may be the basis of selective trust in young children, while other studies suggest that selective trust is not so complicated. This paper outlines the development process of selective trust and introduces a new theoretical framework to explain these controversial results. Young children’s selective trust can be explained by two underlying cognitive processes: one is a rapid, implicit, heuristic, automatic judgment process, and the other is a systematic, slow, hard-earned, and effective process under specific circumstances. Based on this theoretical framework, a testable hypothesis is proposed.

关 键 词：选择性信任 幼儿 双加工理论 社会认知 

分 类 号：G61[文化科学—学前教育学]