基于叶绿体全基因组核苷酸变异位点的大豆属(Glycine Willd.)植物的分子鉴定新方法  

A Novel Method for Molecular Identification at Species Level in Glycine Willd. Using Variable Nucleotide Characters from Complete Chloroplast Genomes

作　　者：刘美辰 左云娟 刘艳磊 杨志荣[5] 靳晓白 索志立[7] 

机构地区：[1]北京市食品检验研究院(北京市食品安全监控和风险评估中心),北京 [2]中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心,云南 勐腊 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心,云南 勐腊 [4]河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,河北 邯郸 [5]中国科学院植物研究所大数据与AI生物多样性保护研究中心,北京 [6]国家植物园,北京 [7]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京

出　　处：《植物学研究》2024年第2期124-142,共19页Botanical Research

摘　　要：高通量测序技术大幅降低了获得基因组序列的成本,为大豆属植物资源多样性的精准鉴定提供了新的数据来源。我们利用来自大豆属7个近缘种的叶绿体全基因组的2363个核苷酸变异位点作为分子性状编制分子鉴定检索表,成功鉴定7个近缘种。这些特有变异位点的数量及核苷酸构成存在种间差异。大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)、白毛烟豆(G. stenophita B.E.Pfeil & Tindale)、镰荚烟豆(G. falcata Benth.)、绢毛烟豆(G. canescens F. J. Herm.)以及扁豆荚大豆(G. dolichocarpa Tateishi & H. Ohashi)的特有变异位点中,A或T的比例(26.74%~42.62%)均高于C或G(9.84%~21.31%);短绒野大豆(G. tomentella Hayata)中,A、T或C的比例(26.36%~27.91%)均高于G的比例(19.38%);玫红野大豆(G. syndetika B. E. Pfeil & Craven)中,T或G的比例(30.00%)均高于A或C的比例(18.33%~21.67%)。结果显示叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸变异位点信息,可用于大豆属植物的分子鉴定。本研究对于大豆属植物种质资源的分类鉴定、保护和利用具有重要价值。High-throughput sequencing technology has greatly decreased the experimental cost for yielding genome sequences and provided a new source of data for accurate identification of plant resource diversity in genus Glycine. 2363 species-specific variable nucleotide characters in the complete chloroplast genome of 7 Glycine species were used as molecular traits to identify Glycine plants and compile a molecular classification key for the first time. There are differences in aspects of amount and base composition of variable nucleotide characters between the species. The proportion of A or T (26.74%~42.62%) is higher than that of C or G (9.84%~21.31%) in Glycine max (L.) Merr., G. stenophita B.E.Pfeil & Tindale, G. falcata Benth., G. canescens F.J.Herm. and G. dolichocarpa Tateishi & H. Ohashi. The proportion of A or T or C (26.36%~27.91%) is higher with that of G (19.38%) in G .tomentella Hayata. The proportion of T or G (30.00%) is higher than that of A or C (18.33%~21.67%) in G. syndetika B. E. Pfeil & Craven. Our results indicated that species-specific variable nucleotide characters from the chloroplast genomes could be used for discrimination of different genotypes in Glycine. This study is valuable for identification, conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources of Glycine.

关 键 词：大豆属 叶绿体全基因组 核苷酸变异位点 植物鉴定 

分 类 号：R71[医药卫生—妇产科学]