道家生态自然观探究——对人与自然“主客”关系的悖论的反驳  

On the Taoist View of Ecological Nature—A Rebuttal to the Paradox of the “Subject and Object” Relationship between Man and Nature

作　　者：刘庆萍 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学马克思主义学院,江苏 南京

出　　处：《国学（汉斯）》2023年第2期178-183,共6页Chinese Traditional Culture

摘　　要：道家思想作为我国传统文化的重要组成部分,其自然观又对我国乃至全球生态问题具有重要启示。道家思想中的“天人合一”告诉我们万物的本源是同一的,万物都是由“道”派生而来;“道法自然”作为道家思想的核心,告诉我们“道”遵循自然万物的生长规律,让自然万物按照本性、自身的法则去生存发展,我们人类不应把自己放在主体的位置去主宰自然界,如果肆意破坏自然、违背万物的生存规律,必然会遭到自然界的报复;“物无贵贱”思想告诉我们万物存在均有自己的价值及合理性,而且万物本是同源,并无高低贵贱之分;道家自然观又在实践层面提出“无为而治”,目的是要告诉人们不要过多干预自然界的生存发展,顺应自然的发展规律,不要因为自身利益去破坏自然,“无为”并不是“不为”,而是要把握好“度”,既要满足人类自身发展的需求,又要做到不伤害自然,做到人与自然和谐自由发展,实现人与自然的共赢。道家生态自然观也正是医治当今全球生态问题的良方之一,对于治理当今全球生态问题具有重要的实践意义与理论价值。As an important part of traditional Chinese culture, Taoism’s view of nature has important implications for ecological issues in China and around the world. The “theory that man is an integral part of na-ture” in Taoist view tells us that the origin of all things is the same, and that all things are derived from the “Tao”. As the core of Taoist thought, “Tao follows nature”, telling us that “Tao” follows the laws of natural growth and allows all things to live and develop according to their nature and their own laws. We, humans, should not put ourselves in the position of a subject to dominate the natural world. If we destroy nature and violate the laws of survival of all things, we will certainly be retali-ated by nature. The idea that “there is no such thing as a noble or a lowly thing” tells us that all things have their own value and justification, and that all things are of the same origin and have no superiority or inferiority. The Taoist concept of nature also puts forward the idea of “govern by do-ing nothing that goes against nature” at the practical level. The aim is to tell people not to interfere too much with the development of nature, to follow the laws of nature and not to destroy nature for their own benefit. “Letting things take their own course” does not mean “not to do”, but to tell us to grasp the “degree”, not only to meet the needs of human development, but also to do no harm to nature, to achieve the harmonious and free development of man and nature, to achieve a win-win situation for man and nature. Taoism is also one of the remedies for the global ecological problems of today, and has important practical and theoretical significance for the management of the global ecological problems of today.

关 键 词：全球生态问题 天人合一 道法自然 物无贵贱 无为而治 道家自然观 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]