基于激光雷达和遥感数据的2021年春季两次跨境沙尘暴过程对比研究  

Comparative Study of Two Cross-Border Dust Storms in Spring 2021 Based on Lidar and Remote Sensing Data

作　　者：德日格尔 咏梅[1,2] 孙鑫[3] 高海林 金额尔德木吐 包玉龙 包春玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 [2]内蒙古师范大学内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 [3]内蒙古自治区气象台,内蒙古 呼和浩特 [4]内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟气象局,内蒙古 锡林浩特

出　　处：《地理科学研究》2023年第2期262-273,共12页Geographical Science Research

摘　　要：沙尘暴通过远距离输送影响下风地区的空气质量,对生态环境及社会经济造成严重危害。本文利用高时空分辨率遥感卫星Hiamwari-8数据、SYNOP沙尘天气数据与HYSPLIT模式对2021年3月15日与3月27日的两次强沙尘暴的源地及其发展变化进行识别,结合气象数据与激光雷达探测技术分析中蒙边境地区跨境沙尘过程中气象要素变化情况与沙尘垂直分布特征。结果表明:3月15日沙尘暴过程持续时间更长,垂直分布高度更高,风速更大,而3月27日沙尘暴影响范围更广,对阿巴嘎旗站点造成的空气污染更严重,能见度更低。空间上,两次沙尘暴均起源于蒙古国西部,向东南方向输送影响蒙古国、中国北方地区(特别是内蒙古和京津冀地区)、朝鲜、韩国等地,3月27日的沙尘事件除上述地区甚至波及日本;时间上,3月15日沙尘暴持续时间更长,对下游地区的影响时间更久;沙尘气溶胶垂直分布上,激光雷达测量显示3月15日的沙尘气溶胶垂直分布高度最高达1.7 km,比3月27日沙尘气溶胶垂直分布高0.3 km;污染程度方面,沙尘事件期间近地面PM10最高浓度分别达到300 µg/m3、750 µg/m3,最低能见度分别为3.7 km、0.7 km,对能见度造成显著影响;激光雷达探测得到的消光系数与颗粒物浓度具有良好的一致性,可以反映气溶胶颗粒物浓度变化特征。Dust storms affect the air quality of downwind areas through long-distance transportation, and cause serious harm to the ecological environment and social economy. In this paper, Hiamwari-8 data of high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing satellite, SYNOP dust weather data and HYSPLIT model are used to identify the sources and development changes of two strong dust storms on March 15 and March 27, 2021. In addition, the meteorological data and Lidar detection technology are combined to analyze the meteorological changes and the vertical distribution characteristics of the cross-border dust process in the China-Mongolia border area. The results showed that: the dust storm process on March 15 lasted longer, the vertical distribution height was higher, and the wind speed was larger, while the dust storm on March 27 affected a wider range, and caused more serious air pollution and lower visibility to ABAG QI Station. Spatially, the two dust storms originated from western Mongolia and transported southeast to affect Mongolia, northern China (especially Inner Mongolia and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region), North Korea, South Korea and other regions. In addition to the above regions, the dust event on March 27 even affected Japan. Temporality, the dust storm lasted longer on March 15 and affected the downstream area for a longer time. In terms of the vertical distribution of dust aerosol, the Lidar measurement showed that the vertical distribution height of dust aerosol on March 15 was up to 1.7 km, 0.3 km higher than that on March 27. In terms of pollution degree, the highest concentrations of surface PM10 during dust events reached 300 µg/m3 and 750 µg/m3, and the lowest visibility was 3.7 km and 0.7 km, respectively, which had a significant impact on visibility. The extinction coefficient detected by Lidar has a good consistency with the concentration of particulate matter, which can reflect the variation characteristics of aerosol particulate matter concentration.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 激光雷达 Himawari-8 垂直分布 中蒙边境地区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]