汉语方言里的西红柿  

The Names of Tomatoes in Chinese Dialects

作　　者：张迎雪 项梦冰[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京 [2]北京大学中文系暨中国语言学研究中心,计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京

出　　处：《现代语言学》2016年第3期56-80,共25页Modern Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“区域类型视角下的汉语方言计量性比较研究”的资助(项目批准号:2009JJD740002)。

摘　　要：西红柿大约于明万历年间传入中国两广地区,并向若干地区传播,不过种植并不普遍,或作观赏或作药用,叫名也比较统一(六月柿、番柿)。西红柿作为一种蔬菜在中国得到推广种植是很晚的事情,仅有一百年左右的历史。现代汉语方言指称西红柿的优势词形为“番茄”、“西红柿”、“洋柿(子)”。“番茄”是随着五口通商(1842)而新生的叫法,属于学人的知识创造,主要通行于广大的南方地区。“西红柿”则是同时期产生于京畿地区的新词,湘赣闽地区晚近引种西红柿后也接受了这种说法。“洋柿(子)”是晚清时期东北地区从俄罗斯引种西红柿时兴起的叫法,在北方地区颇成势力,亦有种种变异。此外,闽台地区的“柑仔得”、“柑仔蜜”也颇值得注意,它们是菲律宾他加禄语kamatis的音译及流变。Tomato was probably first introduced into Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province in China during the reign of Emperor Wanli in Ming Dynasty, and then spread to several other areas. It was cultivated either as an ornamental plant or as a medicinal material, but not widely. Meanwhile, the names of tomatoes were relatively uniform (“liuyueshi”, “fanshi”). It was very late that tomato was widely planted as a vegetable in China, with a history of only about one hundred years. The most prevalent word forms of tomatoes in Modern Chinese Dialects are “fanqie”, “xihongshi” and “yang-shi(zi)”. The form “fanqie”, which belongs to the creation of scholars, is a new name that came out as the Treaty of Five Ports went into effect (1842), and it is the general appellation of tomatoes in the vast southern areas. During the same time, the form “xihongshi” came out as a new word from the capital city and its environs. Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province accepted the appellation when bringing in and cultivating tomatoes later. The form “yangshi(zi)” is a newly- produced appellation when the northeast region brought tomatoes in from Russia in late Qing Dynasty, which has a huge superiority in the northern region, and there are also different variations. In addition, enough attention should be paid to “ganzide” and “ganzimi” in Fujian and Taiwan, which are transliteration and transition of “kamatis” in Filipino Tagalog.

关 键 词：西红柿 汉语方言 词汇地理学 

分 类 号：G6[文化科学—教育学]