英汉假设连词“If”和“如果”的认知对比研究  

A Cognitive Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Hypothetical Conjunctions “If” and “Ru Guo”

作　　者：杜莉娜 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学外国语学院,湖南 长沙

出　　处：《现代语言学》2023年第10期4749-4756,共7页Modern Linguistics

摘　　要：本文基于美国COCA语料库和北京大学CCL语料库,对英汉连词“如果”和“if”展开句法、语义、语用方面的对比分析。结果发现,“如果”和“if”在两种语言中使用频次都相当高,演化后语义都含有假设性质,二者引起的句子结构和语序均符合语言的普遍原则,且发生语境有所相似;二者的差异主要表现在:汉语的句法形式更丰富,作为假设句标记在位置和语序上比英语更复杂,汉语的语义演化过程更复杂、变化程度也更大,汉语假设句语义的影响因素主要是假设标记本身以及言外语境,而英语更多的是时、体、语气、语态形式的影响,且二者的语用功能也各不相同。Based on the COCA corpus of USA and the CCL corpus of Peking University, this paper made a comparative analysis of the English hypothetical conjunction “if” and Chinese “ru guo” from three aspects of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features. We found they not only have common features but also different characteristics. The similarities between the two are mainly shown in: They are frequently used in English and Chinese and contain the meaning of hypothesis;the structure and word order in the sentence they caused are in line with the general principles of language;the context of their occurrence in the two languages is similar. The differences between the two are mainly shown in: Chinese syntactic forms are richer than the English one;as the marker “ru guo” is more complicated than “if” in its position and word order;the process of semantic evolution of “ru guo” is more complicated than “if”, and its degree of evolution is greater;the influence factors of semantic in a hypothetical sentence are mainly from the marker itself and extra-linguistic while English from tense, aspect, tone, voice and so on;the pragmatic functions of “ru guo” and “if” are different.

关 键 词：英汉对比 假设连词 “if” “如果” 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]