汉语尝试类副词的界定、语义属性及内部差异——以“尝试”“试图”“企图”“力图”为例  

Definition, Semantic Attributes and Internal Differences of Chinese Attempt Adverbs—Taking “Attempt, Try, Endeavor and Strive” as Examples

作　　者：张潇敏 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海

出　　处：《现代语言学》2023年第11期5243-5249,共7页Modern Linguistics

摘　　要：尝试类副词指体现说话者做某一动作行为所实施的努力意愿程度的主观评价的副词,例如“尝试”“试图”“企图”“力图”。尝试类副词具有非现实性、目的意图性和主观性等语义特征,在语力分级和情感表达方面体现出强弱程度差异:作为缓和语,“尝试、试图”语力级差呈弱式,可帮助言者避免面子损伤、招致批评;作为增强语,“企图、力图”语力级差呈强式,当说话人实现动作的愿望或意图较为强烈时,为保证该愿望或建议得以有效实施,他们往往选择“企图、力图”修饰强化语气,直白表明其立场与决心。另外,尝试类副词大多用在表正面情绪的语境中,而“企图”有时也会用在表负面情绪的语境中。Adverbs of attempt are adverbs that embody the speaker’s subjective evaluation of the degree of willingness to exert effort on an action, for example “attempt, try, endeavor and strive”. These ad-verbs of attempt have semantic characteristics such as unreality, purpose intention and subjectivity. There are differences in language force within adverbs of attempt: as hedges, some attempt adverbs speech level difference is weak, which can help the speaker avoid face damage and attract criticism;As boosters, the other adverbs speech level difference is strong, when the speaker’s desire or inten-tion to achieve the action is strong, in order to ensure that the desire or suggestion is effectively im-plemented, they often choose “endeavor, strive” to modify the strengthening tone. In addition, most of attempt adverbs are used in the context of expressing positive emotions, but “endeavor” is some-times used in the context of expressing negative emotions.

关 键 词：尝试类副词 非现实性 目的意图性 语力分级 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]